Umxholo
I-Chemistry yisayensi efunda into ngokubhekisele kubume bayo, ulwakhiwo kunye neepropathi. Ikwafunda notshintsho olubalulekileyo, olunokuthi lwenzeke ngenxa yeempendulo zamachiza okanye ungenelelo lwamandla.
Ibandakanya amakhono ahlukeneyo:
- I-chemistry yendalo: iikhompawundi zokufunda kunye nezinto eziphuma kwikhabhoni.
- I-chemistry engaphiliyo: ibhekisa kuzo zonke izinto kunye nezinto ezihlanganisiweyo ngaphandle kwezo zithathwe kwikhabhoni.
- Ikhemesti yomzimba: funda ubudlelwane phakathi kombandela kunye namandla ekuphenduleni.
- Uhlalutyo chemistryUkuseka iindlela kunye nobuchule bokuhlalutya ukwenziwa kwemichiza yezinto.
- IBhayoloji: funda i iimpendulo zamachiza ezikhula kwizinto eziphilayo.
Ulwahlulo phakathi kwe-organic and inorganic chemistry luvela kwixesha apho zonke iikhabhoni zivela izinto eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto eziqukethe ikhabhon, ezifundwa yi-chemistry engaqhelekanga: i-graphite, idayimane, i-carbonates kunye ne-bicarbonates, i-carbide.
Nangona ngaphambili bekukho iyantlukwano phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo ngenxa yokuba eyesibini yayiyeyona isetyenzisiweyo ishishiniOkwangoku kukho indawo ebanzi yokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso ye-organic chemistry, enje nge-pharmacology kunye ne-agrochemistry.
Zombini iinkalo zifunda impendulo kunye nokusebenzisana izinto kwaye iikhompawundiUmahluko kukuba i-organic chemistry igxila kwiimolekyuli ezenziwe yi-carbon + hydrogen + oxygen, kunye nokuhlangana kwazo nezinye iimolekyuli.
- Ingakukhonza: Imizekelo yeKhemistry kubomi bemihla ngemihla
Izifundo ezingaphiliyo zekhemistri:
- Izinto zetafile yamaxesha.
- Ulungelelaniso lwekhemistri.
- I-chemistry ye-metal-bonded compounds.
Izifundo ze-organic chemistry:
- Ukuziphatha kweemolekyuli zekhabhoni.
- Iinkqubo zemichiza ezenzeka kwiseli.
- Iimpawu zemichiza izinto eziphilayo ezixhomekeke kuzo.
- Imetabolism yezinto zamachiza kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya nabantu.
Inkqubo ye- iikhompawundi eziphilayo okwangoku zinokuba zezendalo okanye imvelaphi yokwenziwa.
Nangona zizinto ezahlukeneyo ezizodwa, zombini ezi ndawo zinamanqaku ngokufanayo kwaye zinokudityaniswa ukufezekisa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo (umzi mveliso, ukutya, ipetrokhemikhali, njl.
Imizekelo ye-chemistry engaqhelekanga
- ubunjineli: Ulwakhiwo lwalo naluphi na uhlobo lwesakhiwo okanye oomatshini kufuna ulwazi ngekhemistri yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo (ukuxhathisa, ukuqina, ukuguquguquka, njl.). Isebe lekhemistri engaphiliyo ejongene nesi sihloko zizinto zesayensi.
- Izifundo zongcoliseko: IJeochemistry (isebe le-inorganic chemistry) ifunda ngongcoliseko lwamanzi, iatmosfera kunye nomhlaba.
- Ukuxabisa ilityeIxabiso leeminerali limiselwa ngokwenziwa kweekhemikhali zazo.
- Ioksayidi: ukubonakala kwerusi kwizinyithi kukusabela okufundwe yikhemistri engaphiliyo. Iipeyinti zokulwa umhlwa ziyafezekiswa ngenxa yongenelelo lwe-chemistry engaqhelekanga ekwenzeni kwabo.
- Ukuveliswa kwesepha: THEhayidroksayidi Isodiyam sisixhobo esingaqhelekanga esetyenziswa ekwenzeni iisepha.
- Ityuwa: Ityuwa eqhelekileyo sisithako esingaqhelekanga esisebenzisa yonke imihla.
- IibhetriIiseli zorhwebo okanye iibhetri ziqulathe i-oxide yesilivere.
- Iziselo ezihlwahlwazayoIsiselo esenziwe ngekhabhoni senziwe kwimichiza ye-phosphoric acid.
Imizekelo ye-organic chemistry
- Ukuveliswa kwesephaNjengoko sibonile, iisepha ziveliswa yimichiza engaphiliyo. Nangona kunjalo, banokubandakanya iikhemikhali eziphilayo ezinje ngamafutha ezilwanyana okanye iioyile zemifuno kunye neencindi.
- UkuphefumlaUkuphefumla yenye yeenkqubo ezenziwa kwizifundo ze-organic chemistry, ejonga indlela ioksijini enxulunyaniswa ngayo nezinto ezahlukeneyo (eziphilayo kunye nezinto ezingaphiliyo) ukudlula ukusuka emoyeni, ukuya kwinkqubo yokuphefumla, kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi kwaye ekugqibeleni ukuya kwiiseli.
- Ukugcinwa kwamandla: I iipilisi kwaye iikhabhohayidrethi zizinto eziphilayo ezinceda izinto eziphilayo ukugcina amandla.
- Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane: Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anokuqulatha izinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo. Nangona kunjalo, uyilo lwabo luxhomekeke kulwazi lwe iintsholongwane ezichaphazela umzimba.
- Ukubulala: Uninzi lwezinto ezisigcinayo ezisetyenziselwa ukutya zizinto ezingaqhelekanga, kodwa ziphendula kwiimpawu zemichiza yemvelo ekutyeni.
- Isitofu: Amayeza okugonya anciphisa iidosi zezinto ezibangela izifo. Ubukho bezi ntsholongwane buvumela umzimba ukuba uvelise izilwa-buhlungu eziyimfuneko ukuze ukhuseleke kwesi sifo.
- Ipeyinti: Iipeyinti zenziwe nge-acetaldehyde.
- Utywala (i-ethanol): Utywala yinto ephilayo enezinto ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo: ukubulala iintsholongwane, ukufaka umbala, iziyobisi, izinto zokuthambisa, ukugcina ukutya, njl.
- Irhasi yeButane: Isetyenziswa kumakhaya okupheka, ukufudumeza okanye ukufudumeza amanzi.
- PolyethyleneYiplastiki esetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye yenziwe nge-ethylene, i-alkene hydrocarbon.
- IsikhumbaIsikhumba siyimveliso ye-organic efumana ukungqinelana kwayo kokugqibela kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba kukushuka, apho kungenelela khona i-acetaldehyde yemichiza yendalo.
- Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi: Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi angabandakanya izinto ezingaphiliyo, kodwa nezinto zendalo, ezinje ngechlorobenzene, a hydrocarbon enuka kamnandi esetyenziswa njengesinyibilikisi sokubulala izitshabalalisi.
- Irabha: Irabha inokuba yeyendalo (ifunyenwe kwisityalo) okanye eyenziweyo, eyenziwe nge-butene, i-alkene hydrocarbon.
- Imichiza yezolimo: Iimveliso ezivela kwi-aniline, uhlobo lwe-amine, zisetyenziswa kwi-agrochemicals.
- Izibonelelo zokutya: Izinto zokutya ezininzi zibandakanya izinto ezingaphiliyo ezinje nge uyaphuma kwaye izimbiwa. Nangona kunjalo, zibandakanya izinto eziphilayo ezinje nge iiamino acid.
Bona Okuninzi: Imizekelo ye-Organic Chemistry
