Imizekelo engama-30 yeHardware kunye neSoftware - I-Encyclopedia

Ividiyo: Meet Russia’s Future Soldier - Crush the Enemy Without Touch

Umxholo

Imizekelo yehardware
Imizekelo yesoftware
Unokukukhonza

Kwikhompyuter, imigaqo izixhobo zekhompyutha kunye nesoftware zibhekisa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo nganye yekhompyuter: izinto ezibonakalayo nezidijithali ngokwahlukeneyo, umzimba nomphefumlo wekhompyuter nganye.

Inkqubo ye-izixhobo zekhompyutha Iseti yamalungu omzimba enza umzimba wenkqubo yekhompyuter: iipleyiti, iisekethe, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zombane, kunye nokulungiswa, ukuxhaswa kunye nokunxibelelana.

Ngapha koko, i-Hardware inokuhlelwa kwaye i-odolwe ngokokusebenza kwayo kwinkqubo yenkqubo iyonke:

Iqhubekekisa izixhobo zekhompyutha. Intliziyo yenkqubo iyangena, ibala kwaye isombulule imisebenzi eyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwayo.
Izixhobo zokugcina. Isebenza inolwazi kunye nedatha yenkqubo. Inokuba yeyokuqala (ngaphakathi) okanye yesibini (isuswe).
Izixhobo zembali. Iseti yokuncamathiselwa kunye nezinto ezinokufakwa kwinkqubo ukuyinika imisebenzi emitsha.
Igalelo lezixhobo. Ivumela idatha ukuba ingene kwinkqubo ngumsebenzisi okanye umsebenzisi, okanye kuthungelwano lonxibelelwano kunye neenkqubo.
Imveliso yezixhobo. Ivumela ukukhupha ulwazi kwinkqubo okanye ukuyithumela kuthungelwano lonxibelelwano.
Izixhobo ezixubileyo. Izalisekisa imisebenzi yegalelo kunye nemveliso ngaxeshanye.

Inkqubo ye- isoftware Umxholo ongaphathekiyo wenkqubo: iseti yeenkqubo, imiyalelo kunye neelwimi ezenza imisebenzi kwaye zisebenze njengonxibelelwano nomsebenzisi. Isoftware inokwahlulwa ngokowona msebenzi wayo uphambili:

Inkqubo okanye isoftware esisiseko (OS). Bajongene nokulawula ukusebenza kwenkqubo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwayo. Zihlala zifakwe kwinkqubo ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzisi ayifikelele. Umzekelo Windows 10.
isoftware yesoftware. Zonke ezi nkqubo zongezelelekileyo zinokufakwa kwikhompyuter yakuba nje inkqubo yokusebenza ifakiwe kwaye ivumela ukwenza imisebenzi emininzi enokwenzeka, ukusuka kwiiprosesa zamagama ukuya kwizikhangeli ze-Intanethi okanye izixhobo zoyilo okanye imidlalo yevidiyo. Umz Chrome, Ipeyinti.

Iphelele, izixhobo zekhompyutha kwaye isoftware zidibanisa yonke inkqubo yekhompyuter.

Ingakukhonza: Imizekelo yeSoftware yasimahla

Imizekelo yehardware

Iimonithaokanye izikrini, apho ulwazi kunye neenkqubo ziboniswa khona kumsebenzisi. Zihlala zithathwa njengeziveliso zehardware, nangona kukho ukubekwa esweni okuvumela ukungeniswa kwedatha (kuxubiwe).
Ikhibhodi kunye nemouse, iindlela zakudala zokufaka okanye zokufakwa kwedatha ngumsebenzisi, eyokuqala ngokusebenzisa amaqhosha (amaqhosha) kunye neyesibini ngokuhamba ikakhulu.
Iikhamera zevidiyo. Ikwabiza iifowuni iiwebcamsKuba baduma ngokufika kwe-Intanethi kunye neenkomfa zevidiyo, bangumfanekiso oqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokufaka igalelo.
Inkqubo. Isiseko seCPU (Icandelo lokuPhatha eliPhakathi), yi-chip ekwaziyo ukubala amawaka ngomzuzwana kwaye inika amandla olwazi oluphambili lokuqhubekeka kolwazi kwinkqubo yekhompyuter.
Ikhadi lenethiwekhi. Iseti yemijikelezo ye-elektroniki edityaniswe kwibhodi yomama ye-CPU kwaye inika ikhompyuter ithuba lokunxibelelana neenethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo zedatha kude.
Iimodyuli zeMemori ze-RAM. Imijikelezo edibanisa kwinkqubo eyahlukeneyo yeemodyuli zokufikelela ngokungacwangciswanga (RAM apho iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo ziya kwenziwa.
Iiprinta. Imida exhaphake kakhulu ekhuphela ulwazi lwedijithali oluphethwe yinkqubo (imveliso) ephepheni. Kukho iimodeli ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela, ezinye zazo ezivumela ukuba idatha ingeniswe iskena (exubekileyo).
Iiskena. Imida yokufaka, ethi iqulethise umxholo ofakwe kusetyenziso olufanelekileyo lwefotokopi okanye iifeksi ezingasasebenziyo, kwaye ivumele ukuba iphinde yenziwe ngokwamanani ukuze ithunyelwe, igcinwe okanye ihlelwe.
Imodem. Icandelo lonxibelelwano, elihlala lihlanganiswe kwikhompyuter, linoxanduva lokulawula ukuhanjiswa kwedatha (ukuphuma) kweenkqubo zonxibelelwano kuthungelwano lweekhompyuter.
Ukuqhuba kanzima. Isixhobo sokugcina ngokugqwesileyo, sinolwazi olusisiseko lwayo nayiphi na inkqubo yekhompyuter kwaye ivumela idatha efakwe ngumsebenzisi ukuba ifakwe kuvimba. Ayisuswanga kwaye ingaphakathi kweCPU.
Umfundi weCD / DVD. Indlela yokufunda (kwaye uhlala ubhala, oko kukuthi, ixubiwe) kwiidiski ezisuswayo kwifomathi yeCD okanye yeDVD (okanye zombini). Isetyenziselwa ukukhupha kunye nokugcina ulwazi olusuka kwimithombo yeendaba, ukukhutshwa kwayo ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokugqithiselwa, okanye ukuyifaka kwakhona kwinkqubo ukusuka kwimatriki yoqobo.
Abaxhasi. Olona lwazi lusebenzayo lokudlulisa ulwazi olufumanekayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, likuvumela ukuba ungene ngokukhawuleza kwaye ukhuphe idatha ukusuka kwinkqubo iye kwimemori yokugcina kwaye uyiphathe epokothweni. Idibanisa ngamazibuko e-USB kwaye ihlala ikhawuleza, kulula kwaye kuyingqondi.
Ibhetri yombane. Nangona isenokungabonakali ngathi injalo, umthombo wamandla yinto eyimfuneko kwinkqubo, ngakumbi kwiikhompyuter okanye kwizixhobo eziphathwayo zedijithali, kodwa nakwidesktop okanye ezizinzileyo, kuba ivumela ukugcina amanye amacandelo enkqubo esebenza rhoqo, abo baphetheyo.ukuqhubela phambili ixesha kunye nomhla, okanye ulwazi olufanayo.
Ukuqhuba kwefloppy. Ngoku iphelile kwihlabathi jikelele, iifloppy drive zifunde zabhala ulwazi kwiidiski, indawo yokugcina ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kweminyaka yo-1980 kunye neye-1990.
Amakhadi evidiyo. Ngokufana nezo zenethiwekhi, kodwa zijolise ekusebenzeni kolwazi olubonakalayo, zivumela ukubonakaliswa okukhulu kunye okungcono kolwazi kwiscreen, kwaye iimodeli zenoveli zihlala ziyimfuneko ekuphunyezweni kwesoftware yoyilo okanye nakwimidlalo yevidiyo ye-cinematographic.

Imizekelo yesoftware

IMicrosoft yeWindows. Mhlawumbi eyona nkqubo yokusebenza ithandwayo kwihlabathi, esetyenziswa kumawakawaka eekhompyuter ze-IBM kwaye evumela ulawulo kunye nokunxibelelana kwamacandelo eekhompyuter ahlukeneyo kwindawo efanelekileyo yomsebenzisi, esekwe kwiifestile ezigqagqana nolwazi.
IMozilla Firefox. Esinye sezikhangeli ze-Intanethi ezithandwayo, ezifumaneka simahla simahla. Ivumela unxibelelwano lomsebenzisi kunye iwebhu yelizwe jikelele, kunye nokuqhuba ukukhangela kwedatha kunye nezinye iintlobo zonxibelelwano.
IMicrosoft Word. Ngokukodwa iprosesa yamagama aziwayo emhlabeni, inxenye yesuti yeMicrosoft Office, ebandakanya izixhobo zeshishini, ulawulo lwedatha, ukwakha intetho, kunye nokunye.
Ugoogle Chrome. Isikhangeli sikaGoogle sibeke iparadigm yokukhanya kunye nesantya kwicandelo lezikhangeli ze-Intanethi kwaye ngokukhawuleza sathandwa phakathi kwabalandeli be-Intanethi. Impumelelo yayo yayikukuba yavula umnyango kwiiprojekthi zeenkqubo zokusebenza zikaGoogle kunye nezinye iisoftware ezizayo.
I-Adobe Photoshop. Isicelo sokuhlelwa kwemifanekiso, ukuphuhliswa komxholo woyilo olubonakalayo kunye nokufakwa kwakhona kweefoto ezahlukeneyo, ukwenziwa kobuhle kunye nezinye, ezivela kwinkampani iAdobe Inc. Akuthandabuzeki ukuba yisoftware eyaziwayo kwihlabathi loyilo lwegraphic.
IMicrosoft Excel. Esinye isixhobo esivela kwiOfisi kaMicrosoft suite, ngeli xesha lokwenza kunye nokulawula iziseko sedatha kunye neetafile zolwazi. Iluncedo kakhulu kwimisebenzi yezolawulo neyokuphendula.
I-SkypeIsoftware ethandwa kakhulu kwezonxibelelwano, ekuvumela ukuba wenze iifowuni zevidiyo okanye neenkomfa zevidiyo kwi-Intanethi simahla. Nokuba awunakhamera okanye awufuni kuyisebenzisa, inokuba ngumzekeliso wokufowuna, usebenzisa idatha endaweni yeempembelelo zomnxeba.
CCleaner.Ukucoca kunye nokugcina isixhobo sedijithali senkqubo yokusebenza yekhompyuter, esikwaziyo ukukhangela nokususa isoftware enobungozi (ii-virus, i-malware) kunye nokulungiselela iimpazamo zobhaliso okanye ezinye iziphumo zokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo ngokwayo.
Intsholongwane yeAVG. Isicelo sokukhusela: sikhusela inkqubo ekungeneni kwabantu besithathu okanye isoftware enobungozi kuthungelwano olusulelekileyo okanye ezinye izinto zokugcina. Isebenza njenge-antibody yedijithali kwaye ikhusela.
Winamp. Isidlali somculo kuzo zombini iinkqubo ze-IBM kunye neMacintosh simahla ukuba usasaze kwaye uhambisane neendlela zikanomathotholo we-intanethi, iipodcasts kunye nokunye.
I-Nero CD / DVD Burner. Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa, esi sixhobo sikuvumela ukuba ulawule ngokobuqu ii-CD zakho okanye ii-DVD zokubhala, ukuba nje unehardware efanelekileyo.
Umdlali weVLC. Isoftware yokudlalwa kwevidiyo kwiifomathi ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo, ivumela umboniso wemultimedia yesandi kunye nemifanekiso efunekayo ukubukela imovie okanye uthotho kwidijithali.
Isiqulatho. Umbukeli ohlekisayo omboniso wedijithali, ekuvumela ukuba uvule iifayile zeefomathi ezahlukeneyo ukuze ube namava okufunda afana nalawo ahlekisayo, ukwazi ukumisela ubungakanani, ukusondeza umfanekiso, njl.
OneNote. Esi sixhobo sisetyenziselwa ukuthatha kunye nokulawula amanqaku akho, njengencwadi yokubhalela epokothweni yakho. Usebenzisa, unokufikelela ngokukhawuleza kuluhlu, amanqaku okanye izikhumbuzo, ke ikwasebenza njenge-ajenda.
IMediaMonkey. Isicelo esikuvumela ukuba uvelise kwakhona, uodole kwaye ulawule umculo kunye neefayile zevidiyo, ngothotho lwamathala eencwadi abhalela umbhali, ialbham, kunye nolunye ulwazi olufanelekileyo, kunye nokuzivumelanisa nezixhobo eziphathwayo ezinje ngomculo umculo kunye neeselfowuni.