Iimpawu ze-Organic kunye ne-Inorganic

Umxholo

• Imizekelo yeekhompawundi
• Imizekelo yeekhompawundi ezingaphiliyo

Inkqubo ye- iikhompawundi zemichiza Zizinto ezenziwe ngamabini okanye nangaphezulu izinto zinxibelelana enye nenye, oko ke kunika into entsha ngokupheleleyo neyahlukileyo. Ngoku ka uhlobo lweeathom ezenza ezi khompawundi, sinokuthetha ngezinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo:

Ithiyiwe iikhompawundi eziphilayo ezo ziqulathe ikakhulu ii-atom zekhabhon kunye nehydrogen, ngokudibana kunye nokwakhiwa nezinye izinto. bucala ngasekhohlo uhlobo lweekhompawundi unayo iibhondi ezihambelanayo (phakathi kwee-atom ezingezizo ezesinyithi) zezinto ezimbalwa (ukusuka ezimbini ukuya kwezintlanu) kwaye zinobunzima obukhulu, ezikhoyo ezikhoyo malunga nezigidi ezili-10 zolu hlobo. Ziyakunika ubomi kwaye zigcinwe zizinto eziphilayo.

Inkqubo ye- iikhompawundi ezingaphiliyoKwelinye icala, azihlali ziqukethe iiathom zekhabhon, okanye i-hydrogen-carbon bond (eqhelekileyo hydrocarbon), Kwaye iiathom zazo zinokudityaniswa ngu iibhondi zeion (Isinyithi kunye ne-atom ebuntsimbi) okanye indibanisela. Ngaba izinto Inokuqulatha izinto ezininzi ezivela kuwo nawuphi na umthombo kwitheyibhile yamaxesha kwaye Abaqhubi bombane abalungileyo.

Imizekelo yeekhompawundi

1. Imethanol (CH₃OH). Eyaziwa ngokuba ngumthi okanye i-methyl alcohol, eyona nto ilula kakhulu.
2. Ipropanone (C₃H₆OKANYE). I-acetone yesinyibilikisi eqhelekileyo, enokutsha kunye neselubala, inevumba elithile.
3. Iasithilini (C₂H₂). Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-ethyne, ilula ngegesi alkyne kunomoya kwaye ayinambala, inokutsha lula.
4. I-ethyl ethanoate (CH₃-ICO-C₂H₅). Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-ethyl acetate okanye iviniga ether, esetyenziswa njengesinyibilikisi.
5. Ifom (CH₂0). Isetyenziswa njengendawo yokugcina izinto eziphilayo (iisampulu, izidumbu), ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-methanal okanye i-formaldehyde.
6. IGlycerin (C₃H₈OKANYE₃). IGlycerol okanye ipropanetriol, yimveliso ephakathi ye ukubila Ukulungiswa kotywala kunye nokuhlafuna ukutya kweepids.
7. Iswekile (C₆H₁₂OKANYE₆). Iyunithi esisiseko yamandla kwizinto eziphilayo iswekile ye-monosaccharide.
8. I-ethanol (uC₂H₆OKANYE). I-ethyl yotywala, ekhoyo kwiziselo ezinxilisayo, isiphumo se-anaerobic fermentation yeswekile enegwele.
9. Isopropanol (C₃H₈OKANYE). Isopropyl alcohol, i-isomer yepropanol, iba yi-acetone kwi-oxidation.
10. Iasidi yeacetylsalicylic acid (C₉H₈OKANYE₄). I-compound esebenzayo ye-aspirin: i-analgesic, i-antipyretic, i-anti-inflammatory.
11. ISucrose (C₁₂H₂₂OKANYE₁₁). Eyona ixhaphakileyo iikhabhohayidrethi: itafile yeswekile.
12. UFructose (C₆H₁₂OKANYE₆). Isiqhamo seswekile sigcina ubudlelwane be-isomeric kunye neglucose.
13. Iselulosi (C₆H₁₀OKANYE₅). Eyona nto iphambili kwizityalo, isebenza njengesakhiwo kudonga lweseli yesityalo kunye nendawo yokugcina amandla.
14. INitroglycerin (C₃H₅U-N₃OKANYE₉). Ukuqhuma okunamandla, kufumaneka ngokuxuba i-nitric acid, i-acid ye-sulfuric kunye ne-glycerin.
15. I-Lactic acid (C₃H₆OKANYE₃). Ibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokomeleza umzimba womntu xa ujongene neoksijini ekugxilwe kuyo, ukuveliswa kweswekile ngokusebenzisa ukubila kwe-lactic.
16. I-Benzocaine (C₉H₁₁HAYI₂). Isetyenziswe njenge-anesthetic yendawo, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiintsana kunemiphumo yesibini yetyhefu ephezulu.
17. ILidocaine (C₁₄H₂₂U-N₂OKANYE). Enye into ebulala iintlungu, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kugqirha wamazinyo kwaye njengethomalaliso.
18. ILactose (C₁₂H₂₂OKANYE₁₁). Yenziwe ngegalactose kunye neglucose, siswekile enika ubisi lwezilwanyana amandla alo.
19. Cocaine (C₁₇H₂₁HAYI₄). Isalkhaliid esinamandla esifunyenwe kwisityalo secoca kwaye sihlanganiselwe ukuvelisa iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni ezifanayo.
20. Iascorbic acid (C₆H₈OKANYE₆). Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-vitamin C ebalulekileyo yeziqhamo ze-citrus.

Ingakukhonza: Imizekelo yeNkunkuma yeOrganic

Imizekelo yeekhompawundi ezingaphiliyo

1. Isodium chloride (NaCl). Ityuwa eqhelekileyo yokutya kwethu.
2. I-Hydrochloric acid (HCl). Enye yezona zinamandla iiasidi eyaziwayo, yenye yezo zifihliweyo sisisu ukwetyisa ukutya.
3. Iphosphoric acid (H₃PO₄). I-asidi esebenzayo yamanzi, enganyangekiyo ne-oxidation, umphunga kunye nokuncitshiswa, okusetyenziselwa ishishini lesiselo esinxilisayo.
4. Isalfure acid (H₂SW₄). Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezaziwayo, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeshishini kwaye iveliswa ngesixa esikhulu emhlabeni.
5. I-potassium iodide (KI). Le tyuwa isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekufotweni nasekunyangeni ngemitha.
6. I-Potassium dichromate (uK₂Kr₂OKANYE₇). Ityiwa ye-orenji, i-oxidizing ephezulu, ekwaziyo ukubangela umlilo xa unxibelelana nezinto eziphilayo.
7. I-chloride yesilivere (AgCl). Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-electrochemistry nakwiilebhu, ngenxa yokunyibilika kwayo okuncinci kakhulu emanzini, sisisiqina se-crystalline.
8. IAmmonia (NH₃). Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-azano okanye i-ammonium gas, yirhasi engenambala engenasityebi esine-nitrogen enephunga elibi kakhulu.
9. Indebe yesulfate (Cu₂SW₄). Ityuwa engenakunyibilika, esetyenziswa njengesibulali ntsholongwane kunye nombala kumphezulu wentsimbi.
10. Silicon oxide (SiO₂). Ngokuqhelekileyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-silica, yenza i-quartz kunye ne-opal, kwaye lelinye lamacandelo esanti.
11. Intsimbi yesulphate (FeSO₄). Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-vitriol eluhlaza, i-melanterite okanye i-caparrosa eluhlaza, yityuwa eluhlaza-luhlaza esetyenziswa njengombala nonyango lwee-anemias ezithile.
12. Ikhalsiyam yeCarbonate (CaCO₃). Kudala isetyenziswa njenge-antacid nakwiglasi nakwimizi-mveliso yesamente, yinto eninzi kakhulu kwindalo, enje ngamatye okanye njengamaqokobhe kunye nee-exoskeletons zezilwanyana ezithile.
13. Ikalika (CaO). Yi-calcium oxide kuzo naziphi na iifom zayo, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimixube yokwakha njengesibopheleli.
14. Isodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃). Ifumaneka kwizitshizi zokucima umlilo okanye kwiimveliso ezininzi zokutya kunye namayeza, ine-pH yealkali kakhulu.
15. Potassium hayidroksayidi (KOH). I-potassium soda, esetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kwesepha kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi.
16. Isodiyam hayidroksayidi (NaOH). Ebizwa ngokuba yi-caustic soda okanye i-caustic soda, isetyenziswa ephepheni, kwilaphu nakwisicocisi nakumashishini okuvula.
17. Ammonium nitrate (NH₄HAYI₃). Isichumisi esinamandla sezolimo.
18. ICobalt Silicate (CoSiO₃). Isetyenziswe ekwenziweni kwee-pigment (ezinje nge-cobalt blue).
19. Imagnesium sulfate (MgSO₄). Ityuwa ye-Epsom okanye ityiwa yesiNgesi, xa usongeza amanzi. Inokusetyenziswa kwezonyango ezininzi, ngakumbi izihlunu, okanye iityuwa zokuhlamba.
20. I-Barium chloride (iBaCl₂). Ityiwa enetyhefu esetyenziswa kwi-pigment, unyango lwentsimbi, kunye ne-fireworks.