Umxholo
- Ukwahlulahlula
- Iindidi zomonakalo abazivelisayo
- Ukubonakaliswa emzimbeni
- Imizekelo yezinto ezinetyhefu emzimbeni womntu
Inkqubo ye- izinto eziyityhefu Zizinto zemichiza ezithi kwezinye iinkqubo zazo (ukwenziwa, ukusetyenziswa, ukuhanjiswa okanye ukulahlwa) kuvelise umngcipheko kwimpilo yabantu (izifo okanye nokufa).
Nangona ityhefu yenzeka xa nawaphi na amanqanaba eyingozi empilweni, ihlala inxulunyaniswa nayo ukusetyenziswa: Uninzi lwezinto ezinobungozi ziikhemikhali zokwenziwa, ezenza umonakalo xa zisetyenziswe ngomlomo.
Ukwahlulahlula
Inkqubo ye- ityhefu yinto ekhethekileyo enikezelwe kolu hlobo lwezixhobo. Iziphumo zezinto okanye iimeko zangaphandle kwizinto eziphilayo, iinkqubo zebhayiloji, amalungu, izicwili kunye neeseli, yindawo yokufunda koluqeqesho.
Uhlala ezahlula izinto ezinetyhefu kumaqela amathathu:
- Izinto zemichiza Izinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo ezenza umonakalo emzimbeni: izinto zeekhemikhali ezinje ngelothe ziyavela phakathi kwezinto ezingaphiliyo, ngelixa phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo kukho izinto ezifana ne-methanol, kunye neetyhefu ezininzi ezivela kwimvelaphi yezilwanyana.
- Ityhefu yebhayolojiIkhiqizwa kunye neetyhefu eziveliswa yintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya, ezizalisa ngokuphuhlisa izifo. Ngokungafaniyo neyangaphambili, olu hlobo lwetyhefu luxhomekeke kumamkeli womkhosi wokuzikhusela, kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba izinto ezimbini ezifanayo zenze ngokwahlukileyo kwii-receptors ezahlukeneyo.
- Ityhefu ngokwasemzimbeniKukwezinto ezahlukeneyo ezingahlali zithathwa njengezinetyhefu, kodwa ezichaphazela umzimba njengee-X-reyi kunye ne-gamma ray, okanye i-radiation evela kumasuntswana ahlukeneyo.
Bona kwakho: Imizekelo yeNkunkuma eyingozi
Iindidi zomonakalo abazivelisayo
Xa iityhefu zingena emzimbeni, zinokuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze ulwakhiwo okanye ukwenzakala (ukusuka kwiiseli eziwohlokayo) okanye ukusebenza (njengokutshintsha kwe-DNA okanye ukuthintela isenzo se-enzymatic). Iziphumo ezinazo emzimbeni zahlula iityhefu kuluhlu olutsha:
- Toxics eziyingoziItyhefu ingena kubume beeproteni.
- Iityhefu ezibulala iintlungu: Zichaphazela inkqubo ye-nervous system.
- Ukuxinana iityhefuZithintela ukufika kweoksijini kwizicwili.
- Iityhefu zeCarcinogenic: Zichaphazela ubume beRNA kunye neDNA.
- Toxics ezonakalisayo: Batshabalalisa izicwili abasebenza kuzo.
Ukubonakaliswa emzimbeni
Xa umzimba womntu ukoyiswa zezi zinto ziyingozi kwimpilo yakhe, kuthiwa umzimba unjalo ndinxilile. Kwezi meko, umzimba uhlala uhlasela into, ukulawula ukuyilawula, uyiyeke ngexesha elifutshane kwaye uyigxothe: nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha le nkqubo iyasilela kuba ukhuseleko lwendalo lusezantsi, okanye ngenxa yokuba kukho uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwento ehlaselayo .
Inkangeleko ye amaqhakuva kunye nemingci, umkhuhlane omkhulu, ingxaki yokuphefumla, urhudo oluqatha, ukugabha okuninzi kunye nezinye iimpawu Zizo ezo ezisetyenziswa ngumzimba ukubonisa ukunxila, kwaye kufuneka ziphathwe ngoogqirha ngokufanelekileyo.
Imizekelo yezinto ezinetyhefu emzimbeni womntu
- Acetone
- Imethanol
- Isifo sephepha seMicobacterium
- Intsholongwane iRift Valley fever
- IArsenic
- Ihydrojeni sulfide
- Chlorobenzene
- Cadmium
- Intsholongwane ye-equine encephalitis virus
- Uhlobo lweShigelladysenteriae 1
- IChlordane
- Isalfure anhydride
- UAniline
- Isitayile
- Intsholongwane yeNayile
- Yintsholongwane yomkhuhlane omthubi
- Intsholongwane ye-Russian encephalitis virus
- IUN 2900
- IVinyl chloride
- Amafutha ePetrol
- Iasbestos
- Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi
- Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi (i-organochlorines, i-pyrethroids, i-carbamates)
- Intsholongwane yeSabia
- Khokela
- Imercury
- IAmerican
- ICyanide
- IVinyl acetate
- Chlorfenvinphos
- I-Trichlorethylene
- Isocyanates
- Intsholongwane yepoliyo
- Amoniya
- IChloroethane
- Toluene
- Intsholongwane yomgada
- IAluminiyam
- IiChlorophenols
- Intsholongwane egazini yomkhuhlane wokopha
- Yersinia pestis
- Ikhabhon monoksayidi
- Izinki
- Iitetradoxin
- Acrylonitrile
- Intsholongwane ye-encephalitis virus
- I-Barium chloride
- Acrolein
- Itha
- Intsholongwane yeVolaola
