Umxholo
Inkqubo ye- ezingcolisa umoya zenziwe ngumntu, oko kukuthi zizingcolisi ezingcolileyo. Iigesi kunye nezinye izinto ezinobuthi zikhutshwa ziintlobo ngeentlobo imisebenzi yoqoqosho lomntu.
Ungcoliseko lwenzeka xa ubukho okanye ingqokelela yento ichaphazela kakubi i-ecosystem.
Imithombo yongcoliseko inokuthatha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo:
- Ilungisiwe: Zizo ezingatshintshi indawo, oku kunesiphumo sokuqokelela izinto ezifanayo eziyingozi kwindawo. Umahluko kwimeko ye ukumoshwa komoya Kungenxa yokuba nangona umthombo ulungisiwe, umoya ungasasaza ukungcola kwindawo enkulu kakhulu.
- Iifowuni eziphathwayo: Ezo ziguqula iindawo ngelixa zikhupha ukungcola, zandisa indawo echaphazelekayo.
- Indawo: Xa icandelo elikhulu linemithombo eyahlukeneyo kunye nemincinci yongcoliseko, ethi ngesixa sokukhutshwa kwabo ichaphazele indawo ebonakalayo.
- Iziganeko zendaloIndawo yendalo inokuchaphazeleka kakubi yimithombo engaxhomekekanga kwizenzo zabantu. Kwezi meko sithetha ngongcoliseko olungapheliyo. Kwimeko yomoya, umzekelo wongcoliseko olungapheliyo yi Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezingcolisayo zendalo ayizizo ezona zinto zingcolisa umoya, njengoko uluhlu luza kubonisa.
Bona kwakho: 12 Imizekelo yokuNgcola esiXekweni
Izinto ezingcolisa umoya eziphambili
Ikhabhon monoksayidi (CO): Irhasi engenambala ingenabungozi kakhulu kwizinga eliphezulu okanye kukuvezwa ixesha elide. Ngokubanzi, ayiqhelekanga ifumaneke kwizinga eliphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukwenza ityhefu ekhawulezileyo. Nangona kunjalo, izitovu ezitshisa ipetroli (iinkuni, igesi, amalahle) ziyingozi kakhulu ukuba azinakho ukufakelwa ngokufanelekileyo okuvumela ukuphuma komoya. Izigidi ezine zabantu ziyafa minyaka le ngenxa yetyhefu yekhabhoni. Isuka
- Iipesenti ezingama-86 zokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni zivela kwezothutho (ungcoliseko lwendawo kwizixeko nakwiselfowuni kuhambo olude)
- I-6% yokutsha kwamafutha kwishishini (ungcoliseko olungagungqiyo)
- I-3% kwezinye iinkqubo zeshishini
- I-4% yokutsha kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezingachazwanga (umz. Izitovu, izinto ezingcolisa indawo)
I-nitrogen oxides (HAYI, NO2, NOx)Umxube we nitric oxide kunye ne nitrogen dioxide. Nangona iveliswa ngobuninzi ngemisebenzi yabantu, i-oxidized (ichithwe yioksijini) emoyeni. Enye yeziphumo ezibi zezi oxides Kukuba zingenelele ekwakheni imvula eneasidi, zingcolisi kungekuphela nje umoya kodwa kunye nomhlaba kunye zamanzi. Isuka:
- 62% yezothutho. Uxinzelelo lwe-NO2 (i-nitrogen dioxide) ifunyenwe kwiindawo ezikufutshane neendlela zendlela, kwaye iziphumo ezibi kwinkqubo yokuphefumla zifunyenwe, nokuba ukuvezwa kwale oxide kukufutshane.
- I-30% yokutsha komlilo. Amashishini amaninzi kunye nabemi basebenzisa izibaso ukuvelisa amandla. Nangona kunjalo, zikhona iinketho zokucoca njengomoya, amandla elanga okanye amandla e-hydroelectric athintela ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo.
- I-7% iveliswe iyonke ngu: ngexesha lokubola okuveliswe yi iintsholongwane, imililo yehlathi, umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo. Imililo emininzi yamahlathi ibangelwa yimisebenzi yabantu. Ukongeza, ukubola kwebhaktiriya kwenzeka ubukhulu becala kwindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, ngenxa yokuthotywa kwenkunkuma yendalo. Ngamanye amagama, kuphela yinxalenye encinci yokukhutshwa kwe-nitrogen oxide eveliswa zizinto ezingcolisayo zendalo.
Isalfure dioksayidi (SO2)Ubudlelwane phakathi kweemeko zokuphefumla ebantwini kunye noxinaniso lwesulfure dioxide emoyeni kufunyenwe. Ukongeza, ngoyena nobangela uphambili wemvula eneasidi, echaphazela inkqubo yendalo iyonke, ukungcolisa umhlaba kunye namanzi. Kuza phantse kuphela (i-93%) ukusuka ekutshiseni ifosili yeefuweli (Iziphumo zePetroleum). Oku kutshiswa kwenzeka ikakhulu ukufumana amandla, kodwa nakwiinkqubo zeshishini ("amashishini eshimini") nakwezothutho.
Amasuntswana amisiweyo: Kwakhona kuthiwa yi-particle matter, zii-particles yomelele okanye ulwelo ezo zihlala zimisiwe emoyeni. Ukuze into engeyiyo eyegesi inqunyanyiswe emoyeni, kufuneka ibenedayimitha ethile ebizwa ngokuba yi "aerodynamic diameter" (ububanzi bayo bungu mninzi ye-1 gram ngeesentimitha ezi-cubic ukwenzela ukuba isantya sayo somoya silingane nesuntswana elichaphazelekayo). Isuka
- Ukutsha okungaphelelanga kwayo nayiphi na into: amafutha eefossil, inkunkuma nditsho nemidiza.
- Zikwasuntswana le-silica ukusuka kwi-rock pulverization kunye neenkqubo zokwenza iglasi kunye nezitena.
- Imizi-mveliso yamalaphu ivelisa uthuli oluphilayo.
IChlorofluorocarbon (CFC): Zaziqheleke kakhulu ekwenziweni kweeerosol, nangona ngoku ukusetyenziswa kwazo kuye kwehla ngenxa yeziphumo zazo ezimbi kwimekobume. Zikwasetyenziswa nakwiifriji. Le gesi ibophelela kumasuntswana eozone alwa naloo nto ikhusela umhlaba, iwonakalise. Umnxeba "umngxunya we-ozoneIshiya imimandla yomhlaba ingakwazi ukuzikhusela kwimitha yelanga eyingozi ebantwini, kwizityalo nakwizilwanyana.
Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe?
- Imizekelo yongcoliseko lomoya
- Imizekelo Yongcoliseko Lwamanzi
- Imizekelo yokungcola komhlaba
- Imizekelo yokuNgcola esiXekweni
- Izinto ezingcolisayo eziPhambili zaManzi
- Imizekelo yeentlekele zendalo
