Umxholo
Inkqubo ye- ialuminiyam Yeyona nto isithathu ikwimo yeekhemikhali, kwaye yenza malunga ne-7% yobunzima bayo. Imalunga ne- isinyithi esimhlophe nesilivere, ephawulwa ngokumelana nokubola.
Yafunyanwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, sisazinzulu saseJamani u-Friedrich Wohler owayekwazi ukuyikhetha ngendlela yayo emsulwa, efumana into ebengezelayo ekhanyayo kakhulu, kunye neyesibini intsimbi elungileyo enokuthamba ekhoyo.
Iimpawu zemichiza
Njengoko bekutshiwo, ialuminium yeqela iintsimbi, ezihlala zikhona ithambile kwaye ngoku amanqaku athoba kakhulu. Umbuso wealuminium (onophawu lwekhemikhali nguAl) uqinile ngohlobo lwendalo, kwaye unendawo yokunyibilika engama-933.47 degrees Kelvin (661.32 degrees Celsius) kunye nenqanaba lokubila lama-2792 degrees Kelvin (2519, 85 degrees Celsius).
Kananjalo: Imizekelo yezinto kunye neepropathi
Ikhutshwa phi?
IAluminiyam, ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye iluncedo kwimveliso yabantu, Ikhutshwe ikakhulu kwi-bauxite eluhlobo lodongwe eninzi kumazwe athile njengeMelika.
Lo mbuzo wokukhupha ubalulekile kuba, nangona ialuminiyam yinto eqhelekileyo kwindalo, ayikhe iboniswe simahla kodwa iyenza ngokudibeneyo. Yiyo loo nto indawo enkulu yealuminium esemhlabeni (ihlala ifumaneka ematyeni) ingenakukhutshwa okanye isetyenziselwe imveliso.
Bona kwakho:
- Ikhutshwa phi ioyile?
- Ifumaneka phi igolide leyo?
- Iphuma phi i-iron?
- Ifumaneka phi ilothe?
Ukulungiswa kweAluminiyam
Iindidi ezimbini zokwenza imveliso zihlala zihlukaniswa ukufumana ialuminium:
- Inkqubo yeBayer: Inkqubo iqala ngokucola i-bauxite, kwaye uyiphathe ngekalika (CaO) eshushu. Ezona zinto zityebileyo, nesanti, yahlulwe ngale nkqubo, ishiya umxube ovumelekileyo ukupholisa de kube yimvula eqinileyo. Esi siqina sixutywe namanzi kwaye sibaliwe, ngendlela eya kuthi ifumane ialuminium uqobo.
- Inkqubo yeHolo-Héroult: Nantsi into eyenziweyo ukunciphisa i-Aluminium cation ene-3 ion efanelekileyo kwinto engenaxabiso. Into eyenziweyo kukuhamba kombane ngokusebenzisa iseli yokuphendula, ekufuneka inyibilike ialuminium exutywe neoksijini. Ngamanye amaxesha ixutywe ne-cryolite ukuze iqondo lobushushu liyanyibilika, ukuze kungafuneki izixhobo zombane ezisebenza kubushushu obuphezulu kangako ukufumana ialuminium.
Ukusetyenziswa kwealuminium
Yintoni ialuminium? Ukubaluleka kokufumana ialuminium kunokuqinisekiswa kwinani elikhulu lokusetyenziswa eli nxalenye linalo kwishishini:
- Isetyenziselwa ukwenza ubungakanani obukhulu be iinkonkxa kwaye ifayile, njengesiqhelo ekupakisheni.
- Ukuprintwa kwe iingqekembe Amaxesha amaninzi isebenzisa ialuminium.
- I-Aluminium yongezwa kuyo ipetroli.
- Uninzi lwe Ukuhambahamba yezixeko zenziwe ngealuminium.
- Iimasti ze amaphenyane okuhamba ngesikhephe zihlala zenziwe ngealuminium.
- Inkqubo ye- izinto zasendlini zihlala zihlala zenziwe ngealuminium.
- Iindlela zothutho zinomlinganiselo omkhulu wealuminium, phakathi kwazo iimoto, iinqwelomoya, iilori, oololiwe, amaphenyane neebhayisikile.
- Ubungakanani bokufakwa kobushushu kwenza ialuminium isetyenziswe kwi elektronikiukunqanda ukugqithisa.
- Inkqubo ye- Izibane zasesitalatweni zihlala zenziwe ngezi zinto
- Kwi Unyango lwamanzi ialuminiyam ihlala ibandakanyeka.
Ezinzileyo
Okubaluleke kakhulu ekubunjweni kwealuminium kukuba kukugcinakala kwezinto, ukusukela ngoku kugcinwa amanqanaba emveliso yangoku (okanye ikhula ngeqondo ebisenza ngalo), kuqikelelwa ukuba Oovimba bebauxite abaziwayo baya kuhlala amakhulu eminyaka. Ukongeza, phantse zonke iimveliso zealuminium zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kwakhona ukuvelisa iimveliso ezintsha, ngaphandle kokuphulukana nomgangatho wentsimbi kunye neepropathi.
