Umxholo
Isandi sithathwa njenge nzulu okanyeebukhali kuxhomekeke kwinani lokungcangcazela elenza ngeyunithi yexesha. Okukhona sitsho rhoqo ukungcangcazela (isantya esiphezulu), isandi siphezulu. Ukuba ukungcangcazela kunqabile (isantya esiphantsi) isandi siya kuba sibi kakhulu.
Isandi siphantsi okanye siphezulu ngokuxhomekeke kubuninzi baso. Ukuphindaphindwa kwezandi kulinganiswa kwiHertz (Hz) eli nani lokungcangcazela kwamaza ngomzuzwana.
Izandi ezinokuqondwa ngendlebe yomntu ziphakathi kwe-20 Hz ukuya kwi-Hz engama-20 000. Esi silinganisi sibizwa ngokuba yi "spectrum evakalayo".
Nangona kunjalo, ngeendlela zobuchwephesha, izandi ziye zafunyanwa ezingavakaliyo ebantwini kodwa izilwanyana ezahlukileyo zibona okanye zikhuphe njengonxibelelwano. Umzekelo, iintlobo ngeentlobo zeminenga ziyakhupha kwaye zibone ziphantsi kakhulu (ngerandi ye-10 Hz) kwaye iphakame kakhulu (enezandi ezingama-325 kHz okanye ezingama-325,000 Hz). Oku kuthetha ukuba ezinye iintlobo zeminenga zinxibelelana nezandi ezingaphantsi kwesandi esivakalayo ebantwini, ngelixa ezinye zisenza njalo ngezandi ezingaphezulu lee kunoko sikuvayo.
- Ukuhamba. Izandi ezixhonyiweyo zihlala ziqwalaselwa njengezo zingaphezulu kwe-5 kHz, elingana ne-5,000 Hz.
- Amangcwaba. Izandi zeBass zihlala ziqwalaselwa njengezo zingaphantsi kwama-250 Hz.
- Ephakathi.Uluhlu oluphakathi kwama-250 Hz kunye nama-5,000 Hz luhambelana nezandi eziphakathi.
Ukuhamba rhoqo kwesandi akufuneki kudideke nomthamo. Isandi esiphakamileyo sinokuba namandla amakhulu (ivolumu ephezulu) okanye amandla asezantsi (ivolumu esezantsi) ngaphandle kokuchaphazela amaza ombane.
Umthamo uchazwa njengesixa samandla esidlula ngaphezulu ngomzuzwana.
Umculo waseNtshona usebenzisa amanqaku aqokelelwe kwi "octave" ngokusekwe kumaza abo amaza. Ukusuka kwelisezantsi ukuya kwelona liphezulu, amanqaku e-octave nganye acwangciswe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si.
Bona kwakho:
- Izandi ezinamandla nezingavakaliyo
- Izandi zendalo kunye nezendalo
Imizekelo yezandi zebhasi
- Iindudumo. Iindudumo zikhupha izandi eziphantsi kangangokuba ezinye azinakubonwa ngendlebe yomntu (ngaphantsi kwe-20 Hz).
- Ilizwi lendoda endala. Ngokwesiqhelo, ilizwi lendoda liphakathi kwe-100 kunye ne-200 Hz.
- Ilizwi lebhasi. Iimvumi ezingamadoda ezichazwe njenge "bass" ngabo banokuhambisa amanqaku phakathi kwe-75 kunye ne-350 Hz.
- Isandi sebason. I-bassoon sisixhobo somoya esiphumeza izandi ezisezantsi njenge-62 Hz.
- Isandi setrombone. I-trombone sisixhobo sobhedu esifezekisa amanqaku asezantsi njenge-73 Hz.
- C we-octave 0. Sisandi esisezantsi esisetyenziswa kumculo waseNtshona. Ukuhamba kwayo rhoqo yi-16,351 Hz.
- Ukuba usuka kwi-octave 1. Ngaphandle kokuphantse kube zii-octave ezimbini ngaphezulu kwe-C ye-octave 0, le B isesona sandi sisezantsi kakhulu, esinamavama angama-61.73 Hz.Ngaphantsi komthamo wemvumi esezantsi.
Imizekelo yezandi eziphakamileyo
- Isandi sevayolin. I-violin sisixhobo esinemirhubhe esifezekisa ezinye zezona zandi zivakalayo kwiokhestra (emva kwepiyano, enoluhlu olubanzi lwezandi).
- Ilizwi labantwana. Abantwana bahlala benamazwi angaphezulu kwama-250 okanye ama-300 Hz. Nangona olu luhlu lungadluli kwi-5,000 Hz edla ngokuqwalaselwa kwizandi eziphezulu, siyawaqonda la mazwi njengezandi eziphezulu xa kuthelekiswa namazwi abantu abadala.
- Ilizwi lesoprano. Iimvumi zabasetyhini ezihlelwa njenge "sopranos" zinokukhupha amanqaku phakathi kwe-250 Hz kunye ne-1,000 Hz.
- Ukuba owesihlanu u-8. Esinye sezona zandi zivakala kakhulu soprano eqeqeshiweyo inokufikelela, kunye nobuninzi be-987.766 Hz.
- Ingoma yeentaka. Elona qondo lincinci lokukhupha lentaka li-1,000 Hz kwaye lifikelela kwi-12,585 Hz.
- Impempe. Ihlala ijikeleze i-1,500 Hz.
- Qhubeka ne: Iimpawu ezi-10 zesandi
