Kwiilwimi, igama lokwahluka kwezentlalo liyayamkela ifayile ye- Umahluko okhoyo phakathi kweendlela zabantu zokuthetha, ezahlukileyo kunomahluko wolwimi.
Kwenzeka ukuba intetho ingeyiyo inzululwazi ngqo, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuxhomekeke kusasazo losapho kunye noluntu, kwaye ke ngenxa yeenkqubo ezithile ezinefuthe ekufundeni anako umntu kulwimi nakwindlela alusebenzisa ngayo.
Igama 'lokwahluka kwezentlalo' liquka uluhlu olukhulu lokwahluka olunempembelelo kwindlela abantu abathetha ngayo, ngaphakathi kuyo imeko yezentlalo noqoqosho apho nganye nganye ifunyanwa khona.
Ngokubanzi, ubudlelwane bezentlalo oboniswayo kukuba abantu abaneemeko ezinobutyebi ngakumbi bafikelele kumanqanaba emfundo ebavumela ukuba babe nesigama esityebileyo kwaye bakwazi ukuveza uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lweengcinga into umntu ongafundanga kangako kufezekisa kuphela ngamagama amancinci, abenza ukuba baqale ukusebenzisa amabinzana amatsha athi ekuhambeni kwexesha abe awabo. Amagama amaninzi aziwa njenge "ithandwayo" kwaye aguqulwa aba ngummandla wengingqi ezohlukileyo ngenxa yemvelaphi yawo kula magama matsha. "
Bona kwakho: Imizekelo yeLexicon yeNgingqi kunye neGenerational
Udidi 'lwentlalo' lunokuxoxwa kuphela kwisiseko sokuba ukwahluka kweelwimi nako kunento yokwenza noku ngokwejografi. Kuyenzeka ukuba kube lula ukuqaphela ukuba kumazwe ahlukeneyo aphethe ulwimi kuqhelekile ukuba umahluko omkhulu ubonakale ngendlela yokunxibelelana: amabinzana, amagama aqhelekileyo okanye iindlela ezinesingqi sokuthetha ziyahluka ngokwamazwe onke (okanye imimandla engaphakathi kuyo). Ngayiphi na imeko, lo mahluko uthathwa njengowentlalo, kuba ekugqibeleni wenzeka ngokubhekisele kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
Ngale ndlela, isizathu ngasinye sokuba kutheni ulwimi luhlengahlengisiwe lwenza umahluko ngokwasentlalweni. Zidweliswe apha ngezantsi, zichaza ubungakanani bazo.
- Umahluko ngokwendawoNjengoko bekutshiwo, indawo yokuhlala (ngakumbi leyo yokwenziwa kweelwimi) ibalulekile kwintetho yabantu. Uhlobo oluthile uluntu ngalunye ekufuneka lwenze intetho lubizwa ngokuba lulwimi, nangona mva nje eli gama belincitshisiwe kwintetho yabantu abangasekhoyo, lathathelwa indawo yi-geolect.
- Ukwahluka ngokobuhlangaNgaphandle kwemida yelizwe, amaqela ezizwe abelana ngeendlela zokuthetha ngamanye amaxesha ezivelisa ukubizwa ngokuba zii-ethnolects.
- Umahluko ngokwesini: Nangona eNtshona kwenzeka kancinci nangaphantsi, ngaxa lithile kwakuqhelekile ukuba amadoda ancokole ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunabafazi. Ezi mpawu zaziwa ngokuba yi-sexolect.
- Umahluko kwidiachronic: Utshintsho kulwimi lwenziwa ngexesha, ke kulindeleke ukuba abantu ababini abavela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo bangabelani ngeekhowudi ezinkulu kulwimi.
- Umahluko kubudalangaphakathi komzuzu omnye, kuqhelekile ukuba abantu bobudala obahlukeneyo bazi amagama ahlukeneyo. I-slang yolutsha okanye yolutsha yinxalenye yokwahluka. Ezi nguqu ziyaziwa ngokuba zii-chronolects.
- Ukwahluka kobungcali: Abantu ababandakanyeka kwimisebenzi efanayo bahlala babelana ngeendlela zokuvakalisa izimvo zabo. Ubugcisa beenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi, ezaziwa ngokuba ziitekhnoloji, zibandakanyiwe apha.
- Eyahlukileyo Imiyalelo: Njengoko sele kutshiwo, inqanaba lemfundo elifezekiswe ngumntu yinto emiselweyo kwindlela yabo yokunxibelelana.
- Umahluko kumxholo: kwa aba bantu kwezinye iimeko bathetha ngandlela ithile nakwezinye kwenye. 'Ubhaliso' oludumileyo lubonisa oku, ukwenza okwahlukileyo okutsha.
- Iilwimi ezingcwele: zixhaphakile kwizizwe ezimbalwa, ziindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunxibelelana nabantu ezinento yokwenza kuphela nomxholo omkhulu wenkolo, ngokweenkolelo zabo.
- Umahluko osecaleniKuqhelekile kwimimandla apho abantu bejongelwe phantsi (ngakumbi iintolongo, kodwa kwezinye iimeko iindawo zokuhlala ezinobungozi) zenza ezabo iigarons, ezimele ukwahluka okutsha kwezentlalo.
