Imizekelo yeeNoveli

Ividiyo: UKUHLAZIYA INOVELI, UBUCIKO BOMLOMO: 1. Isakhiwo. 2. Umsebenzi womlandi. 3......

Umxholo

Iindidi zeenoveli
Imizekelo yeenoveli

Inkqubo ye- inoveli Ngumsebenzi obanzi woncwadi obalisa ngeziganeko ezinokuthi okanye zingangabali. Njengokuba: Iminyaka eli-100 yokuba wedwa (UGabriel Garcia Marquez), Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nezohlwayo (UFyodor Dostoyevsky), UDon Quijote waseLa Mancha (UMiguel de Cervantes).

Ngokungafaniyo namabali, ekwayinxalenye yohlobo lokubaliswa, iinoveli zinde kwaye zihlala zibandakanya inani elikhulu labalinganiswa, useto kunye neziganeko. Ukongeza, iyelenqe lalo liyinkimbinkimbi kwaye umbhali unikezela indawo ethe chatha kwiinkcazo nakwiinkcukacha zobuhle.

Njengawo nawuphi na umbhalo obalisayo, inoveli ihlelwe ngendlela ezintathu:

Intshayelelo. Kusisiqalo sebali, apho abalinganiswa kunye neenjongo zabo zithiwe thaca, ukongeza "kwisiqhelo" sebali, eliza kutshintshwa kwiqhina lomtshato.
Inqaku. Ungquzulwano oluphazamisa imeko yesiqhelo luboniswa kwaye ezona ziganeko zibalulekileyo zenzeka.
Iziphumo. Uvuthondaba luvelisiwe kwaye imbambano isonjululwe.

Qaphela kwakhona: Isicatshulwa soncwadi

Iindidi zeenoveli

Ngokomxholo wabo, kunokuchongwa ezi ntlobo zeenoveli zilandelayo:

Kwinzululwazi. Babalisa ngempembelelo ekucingelwa ukuba itekhnoloji ethile okanye inkqubela phambili yenzululwazi inokuba nayo kwihlabathi.
Yeziganeko. Babalisa uhambo okanye uhambo olwenziwa ngumlinganiswa ophambili ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni. Ibali libonisa indlela olo hambo oluguqula ngayo isimilo, esingasayi kuphinda sifane naxa wemkayo.
Mapolisa. Iyelenqe lijikeleze ukusonjululwa kolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nenkcazo yesizathu sakhe. I-protagonists yayo ihlala ingamapolisa, abaphandi babucala, amagqwetha okanye abecuphi.
Ezothando I-eroticism kunye nothando ubudlelwane zii-axis zolu hlobo lokubaliswa. Ikwabizwa ngokuba ziiinoveli zerose, kwezi zibhalo uthando luhlala luphumelela xa ujamelene nobunzima.
Uloyiko. Eyona njongo yayo iphambili kukubangela uloyiko kunye noxinzelelo kubafundi bayo. Ukulungiselela le njongo, umbhali usebenzisa ulonwabo lweatmosfere, ukongeza kubukho bamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo nawothusayo.
Ngobungangamsha. Bachaza ilizwe elinokwenzeka elenziwe ukusuka kwingcinga. Eli hlabathi linemithetho eyahlukileyo, abalinganiswa kunye nezinto kunelokwenene.
Yinyani. Ngokungafaniyo neenoveli zamaphupha, babalisa amabali ayenzeka kwilizwe lokwenyani, ke ziyakholeleka. Iinkcazo zininzi, iziganeko zixelelwa ngokulandelelana kwazo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ibali libandakanya isifundo sokuziphatha okanye sentlalo.

INTO ENGEYONYANI YEBUCHWEPHESHE

1984. Le noveli ibhalwe ngu-George Orwell wase-Bhritane phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1940. Yi dystopia eneenkwenkwezi u-Winston Smith, ovukela urhulumente oozwilakhe okho kuyo yonke indawo ojonga kwaye ohlwaye abemi bakhe nangeengcinga zabo.
Umhlaba owonwabileyo. Ibhalwe yi-Aldous Huxley yase-Bhritane, le dystopia yapapashwa okokuqala ngo-1932. Ibandakanya uloyiso lokuthenga nokuthuthuzela, kunye nokushiya amaxabiso abalulekileyo oluntu. Umbutho uphinde uvelise in vitro, ngokungathi ngumgca wendibano.

IINKCUKACHA

Ehlabathini Lonke ngeentsuku ezingama-80. Le noveli ibhalwe ngumFrentshi uJules Verne ibalisa ngohambo olwenziwa yinjengele yase-Bhritane uPhileas Fogg kunye nomngcamli wakhe ongumFrentshi "Passepartout", emva kokubheja apho abeka umngcipheko kwisiqingatha sobutyebi bakhe, eqinisekile ukuba uzakujikeleza umhlaba kwiintsuku ezingama-80. Isicatshulwa sapapashwa ngezavenge kwi Wena Tems, phakathi kukaNovemba noDisemba 1872.
Isiqithi sobuncwane. UJim Hawkins oselula usebenza nabazali bakhe kwindlu yabahambi. Ngenye imini kwafika ixhego elikhaliphileyo notywala elithi, xa lisifa, lishiye imephu ukuze lifumane ubuncwane, elalingcwatywa ngumphangi uFlint kwisiqithi esikweleenjiko. Lo mfana ukhwela inqanawa ukuze afike kwesi siqithi sinqwenelekayo, kodwa kufuneka aphile neqela labaphangi, elikhokelwa nguJohn Silver, naye ofuna ukufumana impango. Ebhalwa nguScotsman uRobert Louis Stevenson, le noveli yenziwa ngokulandelelana phakathi kuka-1881 no-1882 kwiphephancwadi Bantu abancinci.

Jonga kwakhona: Epic

Amapolisa

Falcon yaseMalta. Ubhalwe ngu Dashiell Hammett, lo mbhalo wapapashwa okokuqala ngo 1930. Eli yelenqe liyaqhubeka eSan Francisco, apho umcuphi wabucala uSam Spade kufuneka asombulule ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokucela komthengi wenyama.
Intlola eyavela kubanda. Ipapashwe ngo-1963, le noveli ibhalwe nguJohn le Carré ine-spy yase-Bhritane u-Alec Leamas, oya kuthi, kwimeko yemfazwe ebandayo, kufuneka enze umsebenzi ngokuchasene nentloko yobukrelekrele baseMpuma Jamani.

Imvelaphi yegama lokuqala Romantic

Ikratshi nomkhethe. Yayibhalwe nguBritane uJane Austen ngo-1813. Eli yelenqe libekwe eLondon ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 kwaye usapho lakwaBennet njengoyena mntu uphambili kulo. Emva kokusweleka komyeni wakhe, uNkosikazi Bennet ubona emtshatweni ekuphela kwendlela yokuphuma yeentombi zakhe ezintlanu, ezingabafazi, ezingazukufumana lifa njengelifa.
Njengamanzi eTshokholethi. Ishicilelwe ngo-1989, le noveli ebhenela kwinyani yobugqi yabhalwa nguLaura Esquivel waseMexico. Ibali ligxile kubomi bukaTita, kwimicimbi yakhe yothando, nakubomi bentsapho yakhe. I-cuisine yaseMexico kunye neendlela zokupheka zikhona kuyo yonke imbali, iseti ngexesha loHlaziyo lwaseMexico.

Uloyiko

IHorla. Le noveli, ebhalwe ngohlobo lwedayari, ibalisa uloyiko oluhlupheka ngumdlali ophambili walo xa uziva ubukho bento engabonakaliyo ubusuku ngabunye. UmFrentshi uGuy de Maupassant ngumbhali walo msebenzi owaziwa ngokuba ziinguqulelo ezintathu, ezipapashwe kwii-1880s.
Umba. Ipapashwe ngo-1986, lo msebenzi ubhalwe ngu-American Stephen King ubalisa ibali leqela labantwana abasixhenxe aboyikiswa bubukho besilo esitshintsha imilo nesitya ubugrogrisi obuzisa kumaxhoba.

ZOKUHANYA

INkosi yamakhonkco. Ibhalwe ngu-JR.R. I-Tolkien, ibali lenzeka kwindawo yokucinga, kwi-Middle Earth's Third Age of the Sun. Abantu, i-elves kunye ne-hobbits bahlala apho, phakathi kwezinye izidalwa eziyinyani kwaye ziyamangalisa. Inoveli ibalisa ngohambo olwenziwa nguFrodo Baggins lokutshabalalisa "iringi enye", eya kuthi ilwe imfazwe notshaba lwakhe.
uHarry Potter kunye nelitye lefilosofi. Ishicilelwe ngo-1997, yeyokuqala kwi-saga yeencwadi ezisixhenxe ezibhalwe ngumbhali wase-Bhritane uJ. K. Rowling. Ibalisa ibali likaHarry, inkwenkwe ekhule kunye noomalume kunye nomzala emva kokubhubha kwabazali bayo. Ngomhla wokuzalwa kwakhe weshumi elinanye, ufumana uthotho lweeleta eziya kuguqula ubomi bakhe. UHarry uqala ukuba yinxalenye yoluntu lomlingo, emva kokungena kwisikolo seHogwarts. Apho uya kwenza izihlobo eziza kumnceda ajongane nomlingo owayebulele abazali bakhe.

INYANISO

Nkosikazi bovary. Yayibhalwe ngumbhali ongumFrentshi uGustave Flaubert kwaye yapapashwa ngokulandelelana ngeminyaka yoo-1850. Ibalisa ngobomi bukaEmma Bovary, otshata nogqirha ashiye ilizwe awayehlala kulo. Amaphupha akhe aphela engqubana nenyani eyahlukileyo kunaleyo wayephuphe ngayo kwaye wayicwangcisa.
UAnna Karenina. Ibhalwe ngu-Leo Tolstoy wase-Russia, le noveli yapapashwa kwi-1870s kwaye ibekwe kwi-19th century ye-Saint Petersburg. Isixelela ibali lomfazi (u-Anna Karenina) otshatele umphathiswa wase-Russia, owayethandana no-Count Vronsky, ebangela ihlazo kuluntu oluphezulu.