Ukuzahlula

Umbono we ukwahlukana inxulumene ngqo nesayensi yabantu, kuba sisixhobo esinokuchaphazela abantu.

Inkqubo ye- ukwahlukana yinkqubo athi umntu abe yiyo ajike abe ngumntu ongaziwayo kuyeNgamanye amagama, ulwazi lwabo luguqulwe ngohlobo lokuba luphulukane neempawu ezazinikwe kude kube lelo xesha yimeko yalo okanye imeko yalo.

Inkqubo ye- ulwazelelo, ke, inxulumene ngokusondeleyo notoliko oluthile malunga nobume bomntu ukuba ifilosofi kunye nezinye iinzululwazi zabantu azivumelananga, ke ngoko akukho toliko likhethekileyo malunga nokuzahlula: I-Foucault, i-Hegel, i-Marx kunye ne-psychology yayinento yokwenza Igalelo kwimicimbi yokuzahlula.

Ubudlelwane bokunxaxha kunye nesayensi yoluntu kubangelwa yinto yokuba ayisiyo inkqubo yebhayoloji (njengokuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo kobuntu kunye nokuziphatha) kodwa ke yinkqubo yentlalo enokwenzeka kumanqanaba amabini.

Inkqubo ye-ukwahlukana nomntu ngamnye Kwenzeka kwimeko apho ubuntu bomntu omnye buyekisiweyo, ukungangqinelani kubonakala ekucingeni kwabo nasekuzifundiseni ngendlela engeyiyo ngendlela yokuba iimeko ezithile zenziwe ezingezizo. Ukwahlukaniswa komntu ngamnye, kuthathwe ngokugqithileyo, kwahlula abantu kwisangqa sabo sobudlelwane boluntu.

Inkqubo ye- ukwahlulwa ekuhlaleni okanye ngokudibeneyo Inxibelelene ngokupheleleyo nokuphathwa kwabantu ngokwasentlalweni kunye nezopolitiko. Isazela soluntu luphela siguqulwe ngohlobo lokuba lusenze siphikisane noko kulindeleke kubo.

Enye yeengxoxo zokuqala kuluntu lwanamhlanje yayiquka uThomas Hobbes noJean-Jacques Rousseau, owokuqala owayethethelela ubukho bukarhulumente ngobundlobongela nobundlobongela obunjengomlo wobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, kwaye owesibini, ngokuchaseneyo, wayekholelwa kurhulumente. yendalo kuba ebajonga abantu njengabanoxolo ngokwendalo.

Ngokucacileyo, umntu ekuhlaleni akanabundlobongela ngokupheleleyo kwaye akanoxolo olupheleleyo kunye nokuzincama: zozibini ezi zikhundla zibandakanya inkqubo yokuzahlula abathi abantu kwihlabathi liphela baphulukana nobume babo bokuqala.

Njengale ichazwe apha ngasentla, kukho eminye imizekelo efuna ukuqikelela inkcazo yokuzahlula. Ukulandelayo, ezinye zazo:

1. Umntu owamkela inkolo ukuya kwinqanaba lokuphazamisa ukukhula kwakhe ufumanisa ukuba akanankolo.
2. Ukungeniswa kwefilosofi yoluvo lokuzahlula, olwanikelwa nguJean-Jacques Rousseau ekukhuseleni imeko yendalo kunye namadoda kwinkululeko epheleleyo.
3. Iingcinga ezininzi malunga noluntu zazibuza malunga neenkqubo ezingoozwilakhe eYurophu kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-20, ezathi zakwazi ukutsala inkxaso enkulu kumacandelo awohlukeneyo entlalo. Oku kugwetywa kwezona zinto zinkulu malunga noncedo lwenkqubo eya kuthi ichaphazele uluntu ngokupheleleyo kunokutolikwa njengokwahlukaniswa.
4. Umntu ophantsi kwefuthe le-narcotic uyayitshintsha imbono yakhe yinyani kwaye ayiguqule, ngenxa yoko wahlukanisiwe.
5. Umntu oqinisekisa uxinzelelo anyanzelwa ngurhulumente kuye ahlukaniswe nezopolitiko.
6. Uninzi lwamava enkolo okanye eminye imibutho eyimfihlo kwihlabathi iphela ihlukanisa amalungu abo.
7. Kuluntu lwanamhlanje, ungquzulwano olunjengemfazwe lushiya kuphela elona qondo lincinci nelona lihlwempuzekileyo eluntwini lifile. Nangona kunjalo, kanye kanye ngowona mncinci kunye nabona bahluphekayo bathambekele ekubhiyozeni nasekukhuthazeni uninzi xa kusondela imfazwe.
8. UMichael Foucault wayecinga ukuba ukwahlukaniswa kwezentlalo kuyafana nokubandezeleka kwabagula ngengqondo, kuba uluntu alumazi kwaye alamkhethi.
9. Iindleko ezinkulu kwintengiso ezenziwa ziinkampani, zibangelwa yinto yokuba (siyakholelwa okanye hayi) abantu baphenjelelwa yiyo ngezigqibo zethu malunga nokusetyenziswa. Njengoko lutshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha esingayazi, inokuthathwa njengenkqubo yokuzahlukanisa.
10. Kuhlalutyo loluntu longxowankulu olwenza UKarl MarxUkuhlukaniswa nomsebenzi kwenzeka ngeendlela ezintathu. Kukuzahlula kathathu komntu kwinyani yakhe ekuphela kwento enokuthi ithethelele ukunyamezeleka nokuqinisekiswa kwenkqubo yongxowankulu ngabasebenzi ngokwabo, ngokukaMarx.
    • Malunga nomsebenzi wakhe (kuba usebenzela enye);
    • Ngokubhekisele kwinto evelisiweyo (kuba ayisiyiyo eyakhe);
    • Ngokubhekisele kwinto enokubakho (ngokwesidingo esisigxina songxowankulu ukwandisa izinga lakhe lenzuzo).