Izilwanyana ezifudukayo

Umxholo

• Imizekelo yezilwanyana ezifudukayo

Inkqubo ye- Imfuduko ziintshukumo zamaqela ezinto eziphilayo ukusuka kwenye indawo yokuhlala ukuya kwenye. Yindlela yokuphila evumela izilwanyana ukuba ziphephe iimeko ezimbi kwindawo ezihlala kuyo, ezinje ngamaqondo obushushu aphezulu okanye ukunqongophala kokutya.

Inkqubo ye- izilwanyana ezifudukayo Bavame ukwenza njalo ngamaxesha athile, oko kukuthi, benza uhambo olufanayo lokujikeleza ngamaxesha athile onyaka (umzekelo, entwasahlobo okanye ekwindla). Ngamanye amagama, ukufuduka kulandela iphethini.

Nangona kunjalo, zinokwenzekaukufuduka ngokusisigxina.

Xa iqela lezilwanyana lithathwa yindoda lisuka kwindawo yazo yendalo lisiya kwenye, ayithathwa njengokufuduka, kuba ayiyonkqubo yendalo leyo. Kwezi meko ibizwa ngokuba "kukungeniswa kweentlobo zangaphandle".

Inkqubo ye- iinkqubo zokufuduka ziziganeko zendalo ezigcina ibhalansi kwizinto eziphilayo abathatha inxaxheba kule nkqubo (i-ikhosistim yokuqala, i-ecosystems apho amaqela afudukayo adlula khona kunye nenkqubo eyamkelayo ekupheleni kohambo).

Ngokuchasene noko, ukwaziswa kweentlobo zangaphandle kwi ezingezizo inefuthe lezinto eziphilayo nezingalindelwanga.

Thatha inxaxheba kwimfuduko izinto eziphilayo (izilwanyana ezifudukayo) kunye izinto ezinqabileyo ezisetyenziswa zizilwanyana, ezinje ngemisinga yomoya okanye amanzi.

Ezinye izinto ze-abiotic zinokubangela ukufuduka, njengokuhluka ekukhanyeni nakubushushu obenzeka ngotshintsho lwamaxesha onyaka.

Imizekelo yezilwanyana ezifudukayo

1. Umnenga i-humpback (yubarta)Umnenga ohamba kuwo onke amalwandle ehlabathi, nangona kukho umahluko omkhulu kubushushu. Ngexesha lasebusika bahlala kumanzi akweleenjiko. Apha zikhwelana zize zizale amantshontsho azo. Njengokuba amaqondo obushushu enyuka, baya emanzini amdaka apho batya khona. Ngamanye amagama, zihamba phakathi kweendawo zokondla kunye neendawo zokuzalela. Bahamba umndilili we-1.61 km ngeyure. Olu hambo lufikelela kumgama ongaphezulu kwe-17 lamawaka eekhilomitha.
2. Iloggerhead: Ufudo oluhlala kwiilwandle ezipholileyo, kodwa lufudukela emanzini ashushu okanye atropic ebusika. Bachitha ixesha labo elininzi emanzini kwaye ababhinqileyo benyukela elunxwemeni ukuya kuzala. Baphila iminyaka engama-67. Luhlobo olukhulu, olufikelela kwi-90 cm ubude kunye nobunzima obuphakathi kwe-130 kg. Ukwenza ukufuduka kwabo, basebenzisa imisinga ye-North Pacific. Zinenye yeendlela zokufuduka ezinde, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izilwanyana zaselwandle, ezifikelela ngaphezulu kwe-12 lamawaka eekhilomitha.
3. Ingwamza emhlophe: Intaka enkulu, emnyama nomhlophe. Amaqela aseYurophu afudukela eAfrika ebusika. Kuyabetha umxhwele ukuba kule ndlela bayakuphepha ukuwela uLwandle lweMeditera, ke bayaphambuka besiya kwiStrait yaseGibraltar. Kungenxa yokuba iikholamu zethempile ezisetyenziselwa ukubhabha kuphela kwifom kwiindawo zomhlaba. Emva koko iyaqhubeka i-Indiya kunye ne-Arabia Peninsula.
4. Canada irhanisi: Intaka ebhabha ngokwamaqela yenza iV. Inamaphiko eemitha eziyi-1.5 kunye nobunzima obuli-14 kilos. Umzimba wayo ungwevu ngombala kodwa ubonakala ngentloko emnyama nasentanyeni, unebala elimhlophe ezidleleni. Uhlala eMntla Merika, emachibini, kumadama, kunye imilambo. Ukufuduka kwabo kwenzeka kukhangela imozulu eshushu kunye nokufumaneka kokutya.
5. I-Barn Swallow (Andorine): Yinkonjane esasaza kakhulu emhlabeni. Intaka ehlala eYurophu, eAsia, eAfrika naseMelika. Iyanda nabantu kuba isebenzisa izakhiwo ezakhiwe ngabantu ukwakha iindlwane (ukuzala). Ihlala kwiindawo ezivulekileyo ezinje ngamadlelo namadlelo, kuthintelwa uhlaza olushinyeneyo, imiqolo neendawo ezisezidolophini. Xa befuduka, bakhetha iindawo ezivulekileyo kunye nokusondela kwamanzi. Ziyabhabha emini, nangexesha lokufuduka.
6. Ingonyama yaseCalifornia yoLwandle: Sisilwanyana esanyisayo saselwandle, sosapho olunye lwamatywina kunye neewalrus. Ngexesha lokukhwelana lifumaneka kwiziqithi nakunxweme ukusuka emazantsi eCalifornia ukuya emazantsi eMexico, ikakhulu kwiziqithi zaseSan Miguel naseSan Nicolás. Ekupheleni kwexesha lokukhwela bafudukela emanzini aseAlaska apho batya khona, behamba ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingamawaka asibhozo.
7. Inamba ebhabha: Sisinambuzane esibhabhayo esikwaziyo ukufuduka ngaselwandle. Ngokukodwa iindidi zePantala Flavescens zenza olona fuduko lude kuzo zonke izinambuzane. Ukhenketho lubuyela umva phakathi kweIndiya neMpuma Afrika. Umgama uwonke ohanjiweyo umalunga ne-15 lamawaka eekhilomitha.
8. Ibhabhathane leMonarch: Inamaphiko aneepatheni eziorenji namnyama. Phakathi kwezinambuzane, eli bhabhathane lelona lifuduka kakhulu. Kungenxa yokuba inexesha elide kakhulu kunezinye iibhabhathane, ezifikelela kwiinyanga ezili-9. Phakathi kuka-Agasti no-Okthobha, ifuduka isuka eKhanada iye eMexico, apho ihlala de kube nguMatshi, xa ibuyela emantla.
9. I-Wildebeest: Yi Ukurekhodwa ngenkalo ethile, efana nokuthwala iinwele kodwa iimpuphu kunye neentloko zifana kakhulu nezenkunzi. Badibana ngokwamaqela amancinci athi emva koko asebenzisane, adale iindibano ezinkulu zabantu. Ukufuduka kwabo kukhuthazwa kukunqongophala kokutya namanzi: bajonge ingca entsha ngokutshintsha kwexesha kunye namanzi emvula. Ukuhamba kwezi zilwanyana kwenziwa ngokumangalisayo sisandi esinyikimayo kunye nokunyikima emhlabeni okuveliswa kukufuduka kwazo. Bathatha uhambo lokujikeleza bejikeleza uMlambo iSerengeti.
10. Amanzi aselwandle amdaka (amanzi amdaka amnyama): Iintaka zolwandle ezihlala kwiAtlantic, Pacific naseIndiya. Ingama-45 cm ubude kwaye amaphiko ayo anabe ngaphezu kwemitha ububanzi. Umbala umnyama ngombala. Inokubhabha iye kutsho kwiikhilomitha ezingama-910 ngosuku. Ngexesha lokuzala, ifumaneka kumazantsi olwandle lweAtlantic kunye nePasifiki, kwiziqithi ezincinci ezingqonge iNew Zealand okanye iZiqithi zeFalkland. Ekupheleni kwelo xesha (phakathi kuka-Matshi noMeyi) baqala indlela ejikelezayo eya emantla. Ngexesha lasehlotyeni nasekwindla ihlala kumantla ehlabathi.
11. IPlankton: Ngaba izinto ezincinci edadayo emanzini. Uhlobo lokufuduka olwenziwa yiplankton yolwandle yexesha elifutshane kakhulu kunye nemigama emifutshane kunezinye iintlobo ezifudukayo. Nangona kunjalo, yintshukumo ebalulekileyo neqhelekileyo: ebusuku ihlala kwiindawo ezinzulu kwaye emini yehla nge-1,200 yeemitha. Kungenxa yokuba ifuna amanzi angaphezulu ukuze azondle, kodwa ikwafuna ukubanda kwamanzi anzulu ukucothisa imetabolism yayo kwaye ke yonge amandla.
12. I-reindeer yaseMelika (icaribou): Ihlala emantla elizwekazi laseMelika kwaye xa ubushushu buqala ukunyuka bafudukela kwiitundra ezikude nangasentla, de kuqale ikhephu. Ngamanye amagama, zihlala zigcinwa kwiindawo ezibandayo kodwa zithintela amaxesha ekhephu xa ukutya kunqabile. Abafazi baqala ukufuduka kunye nabaselula ngaphambi kweMays. Kutshanje kuye kwaqatshelwa ukuba ukubuyela emzantsi kulibazisekile, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
13. Islamoni: Iindidi ngeendidi zesalmon zihlala emilanjeni ngexesha lobutsha, emva koko zifudukele elwandle kubomi babantu abadala. Apho zikhula ngobukhulu kwaye zikhule ngokwesondo. Nje ukuba bakhule, babuyela emilanjeni ukuze bazale. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo, isalmon ayithathi nzulu kwimisinga yokufuduka kwayo okwesibini, kodwa ngokuchaseneyo: zihamba zinyuka ngokuchasene nomsinga wangoku.