IBiomass

Umxholo

• I-biomass "eluncedo"
• Izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga ze-biomass
• Imizekelo yebhayomass eluncedo

Inkqubo ye-Ingca, kwindalo, kubhekiswa kwinani elipheleleyo lezinto eziphilayo eziqulethwe ngumntu, itsheyina lokutya, Inani labemi okanye i-ecosystem, ebonakaliswe ngokobunzima beyunithi nganye.

Kwelinye icala, i-biomass ikwayiyo izinto eziphilayo eziveliswa ngenkqubo yebhayoloji, nokuba zenzekile okanye zicaphukisiwe, kwaye baneempawu ezifanelekileyo ukuze babe ngumthombo wamandla anokutsha. Le ntsingiselo yokugqibela sinokuyibiza ngokuba "yi-biomass eluncedo", kuba indawo yayo inomdla ngokukodwa ekufumaneni ii-biofuels (izibaso zezolimo).

Eli xesha liye lachaphazeleka ngakumbi ukusuka ekukhuleni kwee-biofuels, eziyimfuneko njengenye indlela ifosili yeefuweli kunye nemarike yayo eguqukayo. Nangona kunjalo, "izinto eziphilayo" ezifunekayo kwi-biomass zihlala zididekile into ephilayoOko kukuthi, kunye nelo lidibanisa izinto eziphilayo njengemithi (nangona uninzi lwamaxolo abuxhasayo isenokuba lufile).

Kuyimpazamo ukusebenzisa igama Ingca Nj sithetha ntonye amandla anokubakho Owona mcimbi wezinto eziphilayo uqulethe, ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na into kuba ubudlelwane phakathi kwesixa semicimbi yezinto eziphilayo ezinokusetyenziswa kunye namandla anokufumaneka kuyo iyahluka kwaye ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi.

I-biomass "eluncedo"

IBiomass isebenza ukufumana amandla. Kule nto, isekwe ekusebenziseni iinkqubo ze ukubola Izinto eziphilayo eziphantsi kolawulo lweemeko zokusingqongileyo, ukuze ufumane imixube hydrocarbon yamandla anokubakho, ngakumbi xa kufikwa kumba wokufaka amandla iinjini zomlilo zangaphakathi, ezinje ngezo zisemotweni.

Singachonga iintlobo ezintathu ze-biomass eziluncedo:

• I-biomass yendalo. Iveliswe ngaphandle kongenelelo lomntu, njengokuwa kwamagqabi kwi Ihlathi.
• Intsalela yendalo. Yintsalela okanye imveliso ephuma komnye imisebenzi yezoqoqosho, ezinje ngezolimo, imfuyo, amahlathi okanye ishishini lokutya, okanye nokurisayikilisha kweoyile.
• Izityalo zamandla. Zonke izityalo ezimiselwe ukufumana i-biofuels, zijolise kuhlobo oluthile lwemifuno okanye umthi weziqhamo onamandla amakhulu.

Izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga ze-biomass

Ukusetyenziswa kwebiomass njengamafutha kunemiba elungileyo nembi:

• Akungcolisi kangako. Xa kuthelekiswa neoyile kunye nezinto ezivela kuyo, okanye amalahle, ii-biofuels zivelisa ixabiso eliphantsi le-CO₂ kunye nomonakalo omncinci kwindalo esingqongileyo, nangona oku akuthethi ukuba zizibaso eziluhlaza ngokwenene.
• Thatha ithuba lomcimbi oshiyekileyo. Uninzi lwezixhobo onokuthi uqhele ukuzinika inkunkuma okanye ukubola ngokungenamsebenzi, inexabiso elithile lamandla ukuba lisetyenziswe njenge impahla engekasilwa yee-biofuels. Oko kwenza ukuba ezi zitshiphu kwaye zifumaneke lula.
• Ayisebenzi njengamanye amafutha. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-fuels, ukusebenza kwabo akwanele ukuba, okwangoku, enye indlela efanelekileyo yokujongana nemfuno yamandla ehlabathi.
• Yenza iingxaki zokuziphatha. Ngaphezulu kwayo nantoni na enxulumene nokuphambukiswa kokutya (umbona, iziqhamo, iinkozo kunye neenkozo) ukusuka ishishini ukusuka ekutyeni ukuya kumandla, okubaluleke ngakumbi ekufumaneni ipetroli kunokondla abantu abalambileyo.

Imizekelo yebhayomass eluncedo

1. Iinkuni zokubasa. Umzekelo weklasikhi wokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphilayo kukuqokelelwa kweenkuni zokubasa ukuze ufumane ubushushu, kokubini ukufudumeza ikhaya ngeetshimini, kunye nokubasa umlilo apho kuphekwa ukutya. Le ndlela isusela kumaxesha amandulo kwaye isaqhubeka phakathi kwamasiko abantu.
2. Iigobolondo zenut kunye nembewu. Ezi inkunkuma yokutya kweemveliso zokutya zihlala zilahlwa enkunkumeni, kodwa zinexabiso elingenakuyekiswa elinokutsha. Kumakhaya amaninzi asemaphandleni iyagcinwa kwaye isetyenziselwa ukubasa umlilo, okanye nasekufumaneni iioyile zemifuno zokuthambisa.
3. Indawo eseleyo. Izinto eziphilayo ezishiyekileyo kwizidlo zethu zinamandla amandla, kungekuphela njengokutya kweenkqubo zomgquba kunye nokuchumisa umhlaba, kodwa nasekufumaneni i-biogas ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokugaya ukutya kwe-anaerobic (ngaphandle kobukho beoksijini). Inkqubo ye- iintsholongwane inkwenkwezi kule nkqubo ivelisa amanqanaba aphezulu e-methane, ngokufanayo nokwenzeka emathunjini ethu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba i-biogas ivuthe lula.
4. Iibhontshi, uswazi, umbona. Iziqhamo ezityebileyo kwiswekile, ezinje ngommoba, i-beet, umbona, ziyasetyenziswa ekufumaneni i-bioethanol, ngokusebenzisa Inkqubo yokuvumba ngokufanayo nokufumana i-liqueurs, kuba ivelisa isiselo esinxilisayo. I-5% yamanzi isuswe kulowo utywala kwaye kufunyanwa isibaso esinamandla, esifana nepetroli.
5. Iziqu, iintsalela zokuthena, iinkuni kunye neminye imifuno. Iswekile efana neselulosi, isitatshi kunye nezinye zigcinwa emzimbeni wezityalo iikhabhohayidrethi iziqhamo zefotosinthesisi, ezinokusetyenziswa njengebhayomass kwiinkqubo ezineswekile yokuguqula iswekile ukufumana ii-biofuels. Uninzi lwezi ntsalela ziyaqokelelwa ngaphandle kokubingelela ngokutya, kuba izityalo ezininzi kufuneka zithenwe, ziphinde zityalwe okanye zincothulwe emva kokuthwala isiqhamo kwaye le nto ihlala ilahlwa.
6. Umbona, ingqolowa, amazimba, irhasi kunye nezinye iinkozo. Kuyafana nokufumana ibhiya, ezi ukutya okuziinkozo kunye nemifuno ityebe kakhulu kwisitatshi, eziyikhabhohayidrethi entsonkothileyo apho i-bioethanol inokufumaneka khona ngento yokuchiza.
7. I-sawdust okanye i-sawdust. Owona mthombo unokubakho we-biomass ufumaneka kwixabiso elikhulu leenkuni ezenziwe ngomgubo ezilahlwe ziiplanga kunye nomzi mveliso weenkuni. Lonke olu luthuli lunokubakho njengamafutha, kunye nokuba ngumthombo weselulosi yokufumana iswekile ene-bioalcohols.
8. Iwayini kufuneka kunye newayini enesulphured. Iewayini ezibolileyo kwaye kufuneka intsalela ekwakhiweni kwazo yimithombo ye-biomass, kuba ibonelela ngotywala obuhlaza apho isalfure dioxide (SO₂), umthwalo wabo we-methanol (onakalisa iinjini ezinokutsha) kwaye ekugqibeleni banokusetyenziselwa ukufumana i-bioethanol.
9. Inkunkuma yemfuyo. Imfuyo ngumthombo obalulekileyo wezinto eziphilayo ezinokusebenza njenge-biomass, ezifana nelindle lezilwanyana ezetyisayo (ukutya kwalo okukodwa kweselulosi yemifuno kuyathembisa) okanye namafutha ashiyekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kwezilwanyana.
10. Ioyile eseleyo yasekhaya. Umthombo we-biomass engamanzi zi-oyile esizilahlayo emva kokupheka, ubukhulu becala zenziwe ngejongilanga, canola, nkqu nomnquma, ngamafutshane, iimveliso zemifuno. Ukuveliswa kwe-biodiesel kubo kufuna umsebenzi we kuhluziwe ukusuka kwinkunkuma eqinileyo, amanyathelo okuguqula ukuguqula i-triglycerides ibe yi-methyl esters, kunye nokongezwa kwe-methanol. Emva kokuthomalalisa pH ukusuka kwisiphumo, i-biodiesel kunye ne-glycerol zifunyenwe. Le yokugqibela iyarhoxiswa kwaye iyasetyenziselwa ishishini lesepha, ngelixa i-biodiesel ihlanjululwa kwaye isetyenziswa njengamafutha.

Ingakukhonza: Imizekelo yamandla kubomi bemihla ngemihla