Umxholo
Iyaqondakala ihlathi, kunye nange ihlathi okanye nge amahlathi ashinyeneyo, ummandla wotyani obuninzi onamagqabi abanzi, anamagqabi, ivali evaliweyo, kwaye ngokwesiqhelo amanqanaba amaninzi ohlobo lwangaphantsi lwezihloko (okt, “imigangatho” eliqela okanye “amanqanaba” otyani).
Inkqubo ye- amahlathi bahlala bebamba iindwendwe isixa esikhulu se-biomass (Isibini kwisithathu Umhlaba wonke) kwaye zenzeka kwimimandla yemvula rhoqo nenentabalala, imihlaba ityebile ngezinto eziphilayo kunye nemozulu efudumeleyo yomjelo wetroptical.
Akukho sikhokelo simiselweyo sokwahlula phakathi kwamahlathi emvula, amahlathi kunye namahlathi akweleenjiko, kodwa zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukumisela Izityalo ezixineneyo nezingenakudlula, ngokuchaseneyo namahlathi apholileyo anemigama emide phakathi kwemithi.
Amahlathi athathelwa ingqalelo namhlanje indawo enkulu yebhayoloji ukuyifumana, ngethemba lokubonelela, phakathi kweentlobo ezininzi zezityalo nezilwanyana eziza kufunyanwa, ezinye zizakusivumela ukuba senze inkqubela phambili yamayeza kunye nonyango.
Imizekelo yamahlathi
IAmazon. Elona hlathi likhulu emhlabeni, linezigidi ezisithandathu zeekhilomitha zomhlaba, esasazwe kumazwe alithoba: iBrazil, iPeru, iBolivia, iColombia, iVenezuela, iSuriname, iGuyana, iEcuador kunye neFrench Guyana. Mhlawumbi yeyona ecoregion inezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni yabhengezwa ngo-2011 njengomnye wemimangaliso esixhenxe yendalo ehlabathini.
Iplagi yedarien. Eli ligama elinikwe indawo yehlathi ephawula ukwahlukana phakathi kweColombia nePanama, kunye naphakathi eMzantsi Merika nakuMbindi Merika. Igama layo libangelwa kukuba iPan-American Highway edibanisa amazwe amaninzi ezwekazi iyaphazanyiswa apho, kwaye azikho ezinye iindlela zomhlaba zokuwela utyani.
Ihlathi laseNtshona lentshona yehlathi. Eli hlathi lemvula lingaphezulu kwe-200,000 km2 isusela eGuinea naseSierra Leone iye eLiberia, iye emazantsi-ntshona eIvory Coast. Zimbalwa iingingqi zeAfrika ezinomswakama njengale, ixesha laso elomileyo lifutshane kodwa linamandla. Njengalo lonke ihlathi laseGuinea, imeko yalo yolondolozo ibalulekile.
Ihlathi leemontane laseGuinea. 31,000 km2 yamahlathi emvula athe saa kwintaba yeGuinea, i-Ivory Coast, iLiberia neSierra Leone bahlala kulo mmandla weNtshona Afrika. Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwebhayoloji, akunakwenzeka ukubala imeko yolondolozo ngenxa yeemfazwe zamakhaya eziqhubekayo ezonakalise lo mmandla.
Ihlathi laseCongo. Yandisa nge-basin yoMlambo iCongo kunye neenzuzo zayo, eli hlathi lemvula laseAfrika ligubungela indawo enkulu yommandla, kubandakanya imimandla yeGabon, i-Equatorial Guinea, iRiphabhlikhi yaseCongo, iCameroon neCentral African Republic. Lihlathi lesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni (i-700,000 km2) kunye iqulethe intyatyambo ebanzi netyebileyo kwimeko yangoku yokuba sesichengeni ngenxa yokugecwa kwamahlathi, ulwakhiwo nokuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni.
I-Central Jungle yasePeru. Eli hlathi lithatha iipesenti ezili-10 zommandla welizwe elichaziweyo, kwaye lixhatshazwe kwikofu nakwizityalo zecocoa, iimveliso ezibalulekileyo zokuthumela ngaphandle ePeru, nangona imida yentlupheko kubemi bommandla ibalulekile.
Ihlathi laseNigeria eliphantsi. Ihlathi umbrophilic (imvula ubuninzi bonyaka) malunga ne-67,300 km2 Ukolula phakathi kweNigeria neBenin, okwangoku isengozini, ngeentlobo ezintlanu ezikhoyo zezilwanyana ezisengozini ziindawo ezininzi ezinabemi kunye needolophu zommandla.
Ihlathi lobufundisi. Ukuhlala kwi-35% yommandla wephondo laseMisiones, emantla eArgentina, eli hlathi lifumileyo kwaye lishushu lelinye lezona ndawo zinomtsalane kubakhenkethi kuloo mmandla, umda phakathi kweBrazil neArgentina. Yandisa kwiintlambo eziphantsi kakhulu kunye neentaba ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezingama-850 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle.
Amagumbi. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwicala lasempuma yeentaba zeAndes, ii-yungas ngamahlathi emontane okanye iintaba, amafu, imvula kunye namahlathi aseAndean. Zandiswa ukusuka emantla ePeru ziye eBolivia nakumantla eArgentina, kwaye ziqulathe igalelo lesiseko lebhayoloji kukwahluka kweentlobo zoMzantsi Melika.
Taman Negara. Ligama lePaki yeSizwe kunye nendawo yokuqala yaseMalaysia ekhuselweyo, Ngenye yehlathi elidala kunabo bonke emhlabeni, eliqikelelwa kwiminyaka eyi-130 yezigidi ubudala. Okwangoku yenye yezona ndawo zitsala abakhenkethi kolu hlanga lwaseAsia.
Ihlathi laseNew Guinea. Elona hlathi lesithathu kwezona zininzi eziphilayo kwihlabathi kwaye lelinye lawona maninzi ehlabathini, ibekwe kwisiqithi saseNueva Guinea, ithatha iipesenti ezingama-85 zommandla wonke wesiqithi, malunga ne-668,000 km2. Ithathwa njengenye yezona zinto zincinci zangenelelayo kwiplanethi kwaye inamanyathelo amathathu ehlathi: i-tropical, ikhweyitha kunye namafu.
Usambara jungle yentaba. Efumaneka eTanzania kunye nenxalenye yeArch yeNtaba ye-Mpuma ye-Afrika, ihlathi ekudala likho kunye nehlathi lakudala le-tropical linabela kwiiNtaba ze-Usambara. ubukho obuqinileyo beentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ngenxa yeemeko ezithile zokuzivelela kwezinto. Okwangoku iphantsi kwesoyikiso esinamandla sendalo, ngenxa yokungena ngokungakhethiyo, kunye namanyathelo amaninzi ehlabathi afuna ngokungxamisekileyo ukulungisa umonakalo owenziweyo.
Ihlathi leMonteverde Cloud. Ikhethwe njengenye yezinto ezisixhenxe zabakhenkethi zaseCosta Rica, lihlathi elishisayo elibaluleke kakhulu kwibhayiloji, ukusukela iphethe i-5% yeentaka zehlabathi, i-6.5% yamalulwane, iipesenti ezi-3 zebhabhathane kunye neepesenti ezi-3 zeefern.
Ihlathi elingaphantsi komhlaba elifumileyo laseMadagascar. Ifumaneka kwithafa eliphakathi lesiqithi sase-Afrika saseMadagascar, elihlathi lasemaphandleni liphantse le-200,000 km2 ifumana imimoya efumileyo yorhwebo egcina umoya ofanelekileyo kuhlaza lwayo. Okwangoku, nangona kunjalo, isongelwa kukukhula kwe-Antananarivo, ikomkhulu lesizwe, kunye nenkqubo ekhulayo yokulima okutshintshayo.
Ihlathi laseLacandon. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi "Desert of Solitude", ibekwe eChiapas, eMexico, ukuya kumda weGuatemala, ingingqi apho kuhlala khona abantu baseLacandón Mayan. Iqukethe phantse ii-960,000 iihektare zehlathi elinemvula, kwaye ufumene uninzi olaziwayo kwiminyaka ye-90s ngokubonakala kweZapatista Army of National Liberation.
Ihlathi laseBorneo. Ifumaneka kwisiqithi esinegama elifanayo, ihlala ubukhulu becala kummandla wayo, ukuhlala ubukhulu becala kungafunyanwa kwaye kungakhange kuhlolwe. Esifubeni sayo, ngaphezulu kwe-400 yeentlobo zezilwanyana kunye nezityalo eziye zafunyanwa ukusukela ngo-1994, ngaphandle kwento yokuba ukucheba nokutshisa, kunye nenkcubeko yemithi yesundu yokufumana ioyile, kugcina ihlathi lisengozini.
Ihlathi lasePetén. Ime eGuatemala, kwicandelo elisemantla leSebe elaziwa ngabantu, apho ihlala khona malunga neepesenti ezingama-30. Ukusukela ngo-1990, i-UNESCO yazibandakanya ne-Guatemalan State ukugcina i-biosphere equkethe.
Ihlathi laseValdivian. Phantse kwi-400,000 km2 ubukhulu, ibekwe kumda womda weChile neArgentina. Lixesha lemvula eliphakathi, nangona lalifudula libizwa njalo ihlathi, Okwangoku igama elikhethiweyo lotyani obushushu. Nangona kunjalo, eli gama lisasetyenziselwa ukhenketho kunye neenjongo zokwazisa.
Ihlathi laseMpuma guinean. Ifumaneka kumazantsi-ntshona e-Ivory Coast naseGhana, kunye naseTogo naseBenin, lihlathi elinemvula eli-184,000 km.2. Ngaphandle kweentlobo ezininzi zeenyani, izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo kunye nezinto eziphila emanzini, eli hlathi lisengozini enkulu, unikwe ukugawulwa kwemithi nokuzingela, imveliso yokusetyenziswa kwezolimo kunye nokuthunyelwa kwemithi eqinileyo kwamanye amazwe.
Ihlathi elimanzi eFarallones de Cali. Kunye nehlathi elishinyeneyo, ihlathi lamafu kunye neparamo, ihlathi elifumileyo lidibanisa imimandla yendalo yeli litye lasentshona Colombia. Ngemithi efikelela kwiimitha ezingama-40 ukuphakama, eli hlathi ligcina imozulu efanelekileyo kwimilambo eyahlukeneyo enika umbane kwizixeko zaseValle del Cauca.
Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe?
- Imizekelo yamaHlathi
- Imizekelo yeentlango
- Imizekelo yeFlora
- Imizekelo yeFlora kunye nezilwanyana
- Imizekelo yeLandscands Landscapes
