20 Imizekelo yeeNzululwazi zezoBugcisa - I-Encyclopedia

Umxholo

Umahluko phakathi kweenzululwazi zobugcisa kunye nezinye iisayensi
Iindidi zesayensi yezobugcisa
Imizekelo evela kwisayensi enamandla

Inkqubo ye- isayensi yezobugcisa zezo zingqinisisa okanye zithethelele ii-hypothesis zazo ngamava athile kunye nokuqonda kwehlabathi ngokusebenzisa izivamvo. Kungoko igama layo, lisuka kwigama lesiGrike lakudala uKumkanikazi Oko kukuthi 'amava'. Indlela yokugqwesa kolu hlobo lwesayensi kukuthathwa kwe-hypothetico.

Ukutsho Indlela yokunciphisa i-hypothetico Kucinga ukuba iinzululwazi zobugcisa zizalwa ngamava kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwehlabathi, kwaye kwezi nkqubo zinye ziya kungqinisisa iipostulate zazo, zizame ukuqikelela okanye ukucingela iziphumo ezifunyenweyo, umzekelo, ngokuzanywa kwakhona kokwenzeka kwezinto eziqwalaselweyo.

Bona kwakho: Imizekelo yeNdlela yezeNzululwazi

Umahluko phakathi kweenzululwazi zobugcisa kunye nezinye iisayensi

Inkqubo ye- isayensi yezobugcisa zahlulwe kwi isayensi esesikweni kwiinzame zabo zokuqinisekisa i intelekelelo ngokuqinisekiswa kwamava, oko kukuthi, ngamava kunye nokuqonda, nangona oku kunganyanzelekanga ukuba kuvavanywe.

Ngapha koko, zonke iinzululwazi zovavanyo ziyinyani yesayensi, kodwa ayizizo zonke iinzululwazi zobugcisa ezilingayo: ezinye zinokusebenzisa iindlela zokuqinisekisa ezingezizo zovavanyo, ezinje ukujonga Mna i unxibelelwano.

Kumthetho, isayensi yezobugcisa chasa isayensi esesikweni kuba le yokugqibela ayifuni ukuqinisekiswa okuqinisekileyo kunye neendlela zokuthethelela, kodwa endaweni yoko yenze isifundo seenkqubo ezinengqiqo ezihambelanayo neenkqubo zazo zemigaqo ezingalinganiyo nezehlabathi lendalo, njengoko kunjalo kwimathematics.

Iindidi zesayensi yezobugcisa

Iinzululwazi zobugcisa zahlulwe zangamasebe amabini amakhulu:

IiSayensi zeNdalo. Benza uphando lwehlabathi kunye nemithetho yalo, ngayo yonke into esiyibonisa "kwindalo." Ziyaziwa ngokuba inzululwazi enzima ngenxa yokuchaneka okuyimfuneko kunye nokuqinisekisa.
Isayensi yoluntu okanye yentlalo. Endaweni yoko, zezeNtlalo okanye uthethathethwano oluthambileyo nomntu, onemigaqo yokusebenza ayiphenduli kwimithetho kunye neendlela ezichazwe kwindalo iphela, kodwa kwimikhwa kunye nokuhlelwa kokuziphatha. Banikezela ngombono omncinci omiselweyo wobunyani kunesayensi enzima.

Imizekelo evela kwisayensi enamandla

Ngokwasemzimbeni. Iqondwa njengenkcazo yemikhosi esebenza kwihlabathi lokwenyani ukusuka ekusebenziseni iimodeli zemathematics, ukwenza imithetho echaza kwaye uyiqikelele. Yisayensi yendalo.
I-Chemistry. Yinzululwazi ephetheyo yokufunda imithetho elawula umba kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamasuntswana ayo (iiathom kunye neemolekyuli), kunye nokuxutywa kunye notshintsho lweziganeko abanokuchaphazeleka kuzo. Ikwayinzululwazi yendalo.
Ibhayoloji. Oko kubizwa ngokuba yisayensi yobomi, kuba inomdla kwimvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo kunye neenkqubo zazo ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso, uguquko kunye nokuzala. Yi inzululwazi yendalo, kanjalo.
Ikhemesti yomzimba. Uzalelwe kuzo zombini i-physics kunye ne-chemistry, igubungela ezo zithuba zamava kunye nokuvavanywa okufuna ukujongwa kabini kwimiba kunye neenkqubo zayo, ukumisela iinkqubo zayo zangaphakathi nangaphandle ngaxeshanye. Kusengqiqweni ukuba yinzululwazi yendalo.
ijiology. Inzululwazi enikezelwe kuphononongo lweenkqubo zamanqanaba ahlukeneyo omhlaba weplanethi yethu, ithathela ingqalelo imbali yayo yeekhemikhali kunye ubushushu bomhlaba. Ikwayinzululwazi yendalo.
Iyeza. Inzululwazi yenzelwe ukufundisisa impilo kunye nobomi bomntu, ukuzama ukuqonda ukusebenza okuntsonkothileyo komzimba wethu kwizixhobo ezibolekwe kwezinye iinzululwazi zendalo, ezinje ngekhemistri, ibhayoloji okanye ifiziksi. Ngokuqinisekileyo yinzululwazi yendalo.
IBhayoloji. Eli sebe lezesayensi lidibanisa imigaqo yekhemistri kunye nebhayoloji yokujonga ukusebenza kweeselfowuni kunye nemicroscopic yezinto eziphilayo, ifunda ngendlela apho izinto zeatom imizimba yabo isebenza kwiinkqubo ezithile. Yisayensi yendalo.
Ngeenkwenkwezi. Inzululwazi ejongene nokuchaza nokufunda ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinto zasemajukujukwini, ukusuka ezinkwenkwezini nakwiiplanethi ezikude ukuya kwimithetho enokufunyanwa ngokujonga indalo iphela ngaphandle kweplanethi yethu. Yenye inzululwazi yendalo.
Ulwandle. Ukufundwa kweelwandlekazi, ngokwembono yebhayoloji, yemichiza kunye neyomzimba, ukuzama ukuyichaza kakuhle imithetho eyahlukileyo esebenza kuyo indalo yaselwandle. Ikwayinzululwazi yendalo.
Isayensi. Eli ligama elinikezwe kuphononongo lweenkqubo ezinamaqondo asezantsi e-sub-molecular, ukuze uqonde amandla avela phakathi kwamasuntswana obu bukhulu kwaye uzame ukubasebenzisa nge-nanotechnology.
I-Anthropology. Isifundo somntu, xa sithetha ngokubanzi, ukuya ekubonakalisweni kwezentlalo kunye nenkcubeko yoluntu lwabo kuyo yonke imbali kunye nehlabathi. Yinzululwazi yezentlalo, oko kukuthi, isayensi "ethambileyo".
Uqoqosho. Ijongene nokufundwa kwezixhobo, ukudalwa kobutyebi nokusasazwa nokusetyenziswa kwe iimpahla kunye neenkonzo, ukuze kwaneliswe iimfuno zoluntu. Ikwayinzululwazi yezentlalo.
Yezentlalo. Inzululwazi yezentlalo ngokugqwesa, inikezela umdla wayo kuluntu nakwezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo iziganeko zenkcubeko, ubugcisa, inkolo nezoqoqosho ezenzeka kuzo.
Psychology. Inzululwazi egxile kuphononongo lweenkqubo kunye nokuqonda kwengqondo yomntu, ukuthathela ingqalelo imeko yomzimba neyentlalo kunye namanqanaba awohlukeneyo omgaqo-siseko okanye ophuhliso. Ikwayinzululwazi yezentlalo.
Imbali. Inzululwazi enento yayo yokufunda eyadlulayo eluntwini kwaye eyijongana noovimba, ubungqina, amabali kunye nayo nayiphi na enye inkxaso yexesha. Nangona kukho impikiswano malunga nayo, yamkelwe ngokubanzi ukuyithatha njengenzululwazi yezentlalo.
Iilwimi. Inzululwazi yezentlalo enomdla kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo zabantu kunye neendlela zonxibelelwano ngomlomo zendoda.
Kunene. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yisayensi yezomthetho, zihlala zibandakanya ithiyori yomthetho kunye nefilosofi yomthetho, kunye neendlela ezinokubakho kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zommiselo wezomthetho ezenziwe ngamazwe ahlukeneyo ukulawula ezentlalo, ezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho kuluntu lwabo.
Ilayibrari. Ijongene nokufundwa kweenkqubo zangaphakathi zamathala eencwadi, ulawulo lwezixhobo zazo kunye neenkqubo zangaphakathi zokuququzelela iincwadi. Ayifanelanga ukuba ibhidaniswe nesayensi yamathala eencwadi kwaye ikwayinzululwazi yezentlalo.
Ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ngaphandle kokuba ingqeqesho eguqukayo kunye neyohlukeneyo, ihlala ifakiwe kwisayensi yezentlalo. Injongo yalo yophando lulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nezaphuli-mthetho, eziqondwa njengezinto eziqondakalayo zabantu kwizixhobo zentlalo, kwezengqondo nakwezinye iisayensi ezinxulumene noluntu.
IJografi. Inzululwazi yezentlalo ephethe inkcazo kunye nokubonakaliswa komzobo womhlaba wethu, kubandakanya iilwandle kunye neelwandle kunye nemimandla eyahlukeneyo, Uncedo, imimandla kunye noluntu oluyiyo.