Iinjongo ze-UN

Umxholo

• Iinqununu eziphambili ze-UN
• Imizekelo yeenjongo ze-UN

Inkqubo ye- IZizwe eziManyeneyo (UN), ekwabizwa ngokuba ziZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-UN), Okwangoku ngowona mbutho ubalulekileyo nobaluleke kakhulu kwilizwe liphela.

Yasekwa nge-24 ka-Okthobha ye-1945 ekupheleni kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, yayinenkxaso kunye nokuvunywa kwamazwe angamalungu angama-51, atyikitya uMqulu weZizwe eziManyeneyo kwaye athembisa ukuba lo mbutho woburhulumente behlabathi umququzeleli kunye nesiqinisekiso kwiinkqubo zencoko, uxolo, umthetho wamazwe aphesheya, amalungelo oluntu kunye neminye imiba yendalo iphela.

Okwangoku inamazwe angamalungu ali-193 kunye neelwimi ezintandathu ezisemthethweni, kunye nonobhala jikelele osebenza njengommeli kunye nomqhubi, isikhundla esabanjwa ukusukela ngo-2007 yi-Ban yaseKorea yase-Korea. Ikomkhulu labo liseNew York, eMelika, kwaye ikomkhulu labo lesibini liseGeneva, Switzerland.

Ingakukhonza: Imizekelo yemibutho yamanye amazwe

Iinqununu eziphambili ze-UN

Umbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo wahlukile amanqanaba ombutho avumela ingxoxo egxile kwimicimbi nakwimiba enomdla kwilizwe liphela, kwaye ngenkqubo yokuvota ingathatha isigqibo sokungenelela yomanyano lwamazwe aphesheya kwingingqi ethile yomhlaba ekungquzulwano, isibhengezo esidibeneyo malunga nomba othile, okanye ukunyanzela ukufezekisa iinjongo zentlalontle ngokudibeneyo ngenjongo yeprojekthi yehlabathi elizayo.

La malungu aphambili ngala:

• Indibano ngokubanzi. Elona qumrhu lilo loMbutho elibonelela ngokuthatha inxaxheba kunye nengxoxo-mpikiswano yamazwe angamalungu ali-193, lilinye ngevoti enye. Ikhokelwa ngumongameli wendibano okhethelwe iseshoni nganye, kwaye imicimbi ebaluleke kakhulu iyaxoxwa, njengokuqwalaselwa kwamalungu amatsha okanye iingxaki ezisisiseko zoluntu.
• IBhunga lezoKhuseleko. Yenziwe ngamalungu amahlanu asisigxina anamandla e-veto: i-China, i-Russia, i-United States, i-France kunye ne-United Kingdom, zithathwa njengamazwe afanelekileyo kwezomkhosi emhlabeni, kunye namanye amalungu alishumi angahlali isigxina, obulungu bawo buyiminyaka emibini kwaye onyulwe yiNdlu Jikelele. Lo mzimba unoxanduva lokuqinisekisa uxolo kunye nokulawula amanyathelo emfazwe kunye nobudlelwane bamazwe aphesheya.
• IBhunga lezoQoqosho nezeNtlalo. Amazwe angama-54 angamalungu athatha inxaxheba kweli bhunga, kunye nabameli bamacandelo emfundo kunye namashishini, kunye nemibutho engekho ngaphezulu kukaRhulumente engama-3,000 (NGO), ukulungiselela ukubakho kwiingxoxo zehlabathi ezinxulumene nokufuduka, indlala, impilo, njl.
• IBhunga lenkqubo yezizwe yolawulo lwamazwe ngamanye amazwe. Eli ziko linendima ekhethekileyo, eyokuqinisekisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwemimandla ethembekileyo, oko kukuthi, izikhundla eziphantsi koqeqesho ukuze kuqinisekiswe uphuhliso olukhokelela ekuzilawuleni okanye kwinkululeko. Yenziwe kuphela ngamalungu amahlanu asisigxina eBhunga lezoKhuseleko: i-China, i-Russia, i-United States, i-United Kingdom ne-France.
• Inkundla yezoBulungisa yaMazwe ngaMazwe. Ikomkhulu le-Hague, yingalo yezomthetho ye-UN, emiselwe ukujongana nembambano yezomthetho phakathi kwamazwe ahlukeneyo, kunye nokuvavanya amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho olubi kakhulu okanye anendawo ebanzi kakhulu ukuba ingavavanywa yinkundla yesizwe. Yenziwe ngoomantyi abali-15 abonyulwe yi-General Assembly kunye neBhunga lezoKhuseleko iminyaka elithoba.
• Unobhala. Eli liziko lolawulo le-UN, elinikezela ngeenkonzo kwamanye amaziko kwaye linamagosa aphantse angama-41,000 kwihlabathi liphela, asombulula zonke iintlobo zeengxaki kunye neemeko ezinomdla kuMbutho. Ikhokelwa nguNobhala Jikelele, onyulwe yiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo iminyaka emihlanu, ngokuhambelana neengcebiso zeBhunga lezoKhuseleko.

Imizekelo yeenjongo ze-UN

1. Gcina uxolo kunye nokukhuseleka phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu. Oku kuthetha ukulamla kwiimeko zempikiswano, ukubonelela ngokhuseleko kwezomthetho kwimicimbi yamanye amazwe kunye nokusebenza njengequmrhu elicinezelayo, ngenkqubo ye-vetoes kunye nezohlwayo zoqoqosho nokuziphatha, ukuthintela ukwanda kweengxabano ezikhokelela emfazweni kwaye, okubi ngakumbi, Ukubulawa kwabantu njengabo bafunyanwa luluntu kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini. I-UN igxekwe ngokubanzi ngokungabinamandla okujongana nongenelelo lwamazwe aphuma kumazwe anamandla enza iBhunga lezoKhuseleko, njengoko kwenzekileyo ngohlaselo loMntla Melika eLibya nase-Iraq ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21.
2. Ukukhuthaza ubudlelwane bobuhlobo phakathi kweentlanga. Oku kuzanywa ngokwenza izicwangciso zemfundo kunye neeprojekthi zokunyamezelana, ukwamkelwa kwabafuduki kunye neyantlukwano ebantwini, eyenza ukuba ibe ngummeli wokholo olungileyo kwiimbambano eziphakathi kwamazwe. Ngapha koko, i-UN inxibelelene ngokusondeleyo nekomiti yeOlimpiki eqhuba iiOlimpiki kwaye inenkcubeko nokubonakaliswa kweziganeko ezinkulu nakwimiboniso yabantu kwiplanethi.
3. Ukubonelela ngenkxaso yoluntu kwabo banesidingo kunye nokulwa ukungalingani okugqithileyo. Maninzi amaphulo e-UN abonelela ngamayeza kunye noncedo lwezonyango kubantu abalahliweyo okanye abahlelelekileyo, ukutya kunye nemeko engxamisekileyo yokuhambisa imimandla edandathekileyo okanye eyonakaliswe yimfazwe exhobileyo okanye ngeengozi zemozulu.
4. Yoyisa indlala, indlala, ukungafundi kunye nokungalingani. Ngokusebenzisa izicwangciso zophuhliso lolondolozo lwamazwe aphesheya ezikhuthaza ingqwalaselo ephambili kwimicimbi engxamisekileyo kwezempilo, kwimfundo, kumgangatho wobomi okanye eminye imiba engenanzuzo okanye yobuntu engakhathalelwanga eyenza umhlaba ube yindawo engenabulungisa. Ezo zicwangciso zihlala zibandakanya ukusebenzisana okusondeleyo phakathi kwamacandelo atyebileyo ehlabathi kunye nabo bahlelelekileyo.
5. Ngenelela kwezomkhosi ukukhusela abantu abasesichengeni. Ngenxa yoku, i-UN inombutho wezomkhosi wamazwe aphesheya, obizwa ngokuba yi "helmethi eziluhlaza" ngenxa yombala weyunifomu yawo. Umkhosi uthe awuphenduli, ngokwethiyori, kwiimfuno zalo naliphi na ilizwe, kodwa uzalisekisa indima engathathi hlangothi njengombonisi, umlamli kunye nesiqinisekiso sobulungisa noxolo kwiimeko ezinzima apho kunyanzeleka ukuba angenelele, njengamazwe aphantsi kwengcinezelo okanye iimfazwe zamakhaya.
6. Zimasa iminyhadala ebalulekileyo yelizwe. Ngokukodwa kwezempilo (ubhubhane, uqhambuko olungalawulekiyo olunje nge-Ebola e-Afrika e-2014), ukufuduka kwabantu abaninzi (njengengxaki yababaleki baseSyria ngenxa yemfazwe) kunye neminye imiba isisombululo sayo sichaphazela uluntu lwamanye amazwe luphela okanye icandelo likarhulumente elingagutyungelwanga ngurhulumente owaziwayo okanye ubuzwe.
7. Isilumkiso malunga nongcoliseko kunye nokuqinisekisa imodeli ezinzileyo. I-UN iya isiba nomdla ngakumbi kutshintsho lwemozulu kunye neemodeli zophuhliso lwendalo, yenza ibonakale imfuno yabantu yokuphelisa ungcoliseko nentshabalalo ye-ecosystem yomhlaba, kunye nokucwangcisa ikamva lempilo, ukuchuma kunye noxolo kwixesha elide hayi hayi kwangoko imigaqo.

Ingakukhonza: Iinjongo zeMercosur