Imizekelo yeenkolo

Umxholo

Iindidi zeenkolo
Imizekelo yeenkolo

A inkolo yi iseti yenkcubeko, yokuziphatha neyokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha okubandakanya umbono wehlabathi kunye nokudibanisa ubuntu kunye nombono wezinto ezingcwelekwaye aphelelwe lixeshaNgamanye amagama, bazisa imvakalelo yokudlulela kumava okuphila.

Iinkolo zidlale indima ebalulekileyo kumanqanaba okuqala empucuko, ukusukela ikhowudi yokuziphatha neyokuziphatha kunye nolawulo lwezomthetho zihlala zivela kubo, apho kwakhiwa khona indlela yokuphila kunye nomba othile woxanduva okanye injongo yobomi.

Kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho ngeenxa zonke Zingama-4000 iinkolo ezahlukeneyo emhlabeni, nganye inezithethe zayo, kunye neendawo zayo ezingcwele, imiqondiso yokholo kunye neentsomi zayo kunye nokuqonda kwayo okungcwele, okungcwele kunye noThixo wayo (okanye ooThixo bayo). Uninzi lubiza ukholo njengenye yexabiso eliphezulu lomntu, ekubeni zikholelwa kwindalo yazo (ikholelwa ngaphandle kokuthandabuza) yaye zahlula abalandeli bentanda-bulumko yayo neengcali zezinye iinkolelo okanye, nakwabo bangakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo okanye kubukho bukaThixo.

Olu luvo ngokubanzi luvusa umxube wethemba, ukuzinikela, uthando kunye nezinye izinto ezilungileyo ezijongwa njengokuphakanyisiweyo ngokomoya okanye ukukhanyisela, kodwa Ikwasebenza njengenkxaso yezimvo kwiimfazwe ezinegazi, intshutshiso, ucalucalulo kunye noorhulumente, njengakwimeko yolawulo lobuthixo lwamaKatolika ebudeni bamaxesha aphakathi eYurophu nakwinkundla yayo yokuNcina Amakholwa.

Okwangoku Kuyachazwa ukuba malunga ne-59% yabemi behlabathi bathi uhlobo oluthile lwenkoloNangona abantu abaninzi bezibiza iinkolo ezininzi okanye iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonqulo ngaxeshanye, ngaphandle kwesiko elithile abalilandelayo nokuba inkolelo yabo iyakuvumela okanye akunjalo. Le yenye yeendlela zokufowuna syncretism yenkcubeko.

Bona kwakho: Imizekelo yeNkcubeko kunye neMveli

Iindidi zeenkolo

Iindidi ezintathu zeemfundiso zonqulo ziqheleke kakhulu, ngokukaThixo kunye nobuthixo, ezizezi:

Monotheists. Eli ligama elinikwe iinkolo ezibanga ubukho boThixo owahlukileyo, uMdali wezinto zonke, kwaye bayayikhusela imilinganiselo yokuziphatha neyokuziphatha njengeyona iyinyani kwindalo iphela. Umzekelo olungileyo wamaSilamsi.
Oothixo abaninzi. Endaweni yokuba kubekho uThixo omnye, ezi nkolo zidala izithixo ezithi zilawule iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobomi bomntu kunye nendalo iphela. Umzekelo woku yayiyinkolo yamaGrike amaGrike amandulo, awayezibandakanya kuncwadi lwawo olutyebileyo.
Iintlanga. Kule meko, iinkolo zigcina ukuba zombini umdali kunye nendalo, zombini umhlaba kunye nokomoya, banento efanayo kwaye baphendula kwinto enye okanye kwindalo iphela. Umzekelo wabo ubuTao.
Abangasebenzi. Okokugqibela, ezi nkolo azibeki bukho babadali kunye nendalo ngolu hlobo, kodwa yimithetho yendalo yonke elawula ubumoya nobukho bomntu. UbuBuddha ngumzekelo olungileyo woku.

Ingakukhonza: Imizekelo yezeNtlalo

Inkolo yakwaBudda. Ekuqaleni yayivela e-India, le nkolo ingeyiyo eyokwenkolo ihlala ithi iimfundiso zayo nguGautama Buddha (uSidarta Gautama okanye uSakyamuni), isilumko esasinemfundiso efuna ukulingana phakathi kokuzincama nokuswela, kunye nokuzanelisa ngokwenyama. Inkolo isasazeka kuyo yonke iAsia, yiyo loo nto namhlanje iyinkolo yesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni, inabalandeli abazizigidi ezingama-500 kwiindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: iTheravada neMahayana. Inenani elikhulu lezikolo kunye nokutolikwa, kunye nezenzo zesiko kunye neendlela zokukhanyisa, kuba ayinaye uThixo oyalela isigwebo kubantu bakhe abathembekileyo.
UbuKatolika. Ihlelo eliphambili lobuKristu eNtshona, licwangciswe ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi kwiCawa yamaKatolika esekwe eVatican kwaye imelwe nguPopu. Ufana nawo onke amaKristu ukholo kuYesu Krestu njengoMesiya nonyana kaThixo, kwaye balindele ukubuya kwakhe okwesibini, okuthetha ukugwetywa kokugqibela kunye nokukhokelwa kwabathembekileyo bakhe kusindiso lwanaphakade. Umbhalo wayo oyingcwele yiBhayibhile (zombini zintsha kunye neetestamente ezindala). Isinye kwisithandathu sabemi behlabathi ngamaKatolika kwaye ke ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha samaKristu ehlabathi (ngaphezulu kwe-1.2 yezigidigidi ethembekile).
IAnglican. I-Anglicanism ligama leemfundiso zobuKristu eNgilane, eWales naseIreland emva kohlaziyo olwathi lwenziwa ngamaKatolika ngenkulungwane ye-16 (eyaziwa ngokuba luHlaziyo lwamaProtestanti). Iicawa zeAnglican zibeka ukholo lwazo eBhayibhileni, kodwa baliyeke ikamva lecawa yaseRoma, ke ngoko bahlangana bajikeleza u-Archbishop waseCanterbury. Baziwa ngokubanzi njenge-Anglican Communion, umphambili wama-98 ezigidi abathembekileyo kwihlabathi liphela.
UbuLuthere. Yaziwa njengentshukumo yamaProtestanti, lihlelo elihambelana neemfundiso zikaMartin Luther (1438-1546) kwiimfundiso zobuKristu, ezaziwa ngokuba luHlaziyo lwamaProtestanti, ezaziliqela lokuqala ukuvela kulo. Nangona ingekho icawe yamaLuthere, kodwa kukho iqela leecawe zevangeli, kuqikelelwa ukuba inani labalandeli bayo lifikelela kwizigidi ezingama-74 ezithembekileyo kwaye, njenge-Anglicanism, iyalwamkela ukholo lukaYesu Krestu kodwa iyabugatya upopu kunye nesidingo ububingeleli, kuba bonke abathembekileyo banokwenza njalo.
Inkolo yamaSilamsi. Enye yezona zinto zintathu zibalulekileyo zonqulo, kunye nobuKristu kunye nobuJuda, isicatshulwa sayo esingcwele yiKoran kunye noMuhammad umprofeti waso. Ngelixa kuqatshelwa ezinye izicatshulwa ezinje ngeTora kunye neeVangeli njengengcwele, i-Islam ilawulwa ziimfundiso ( Ilanga) womprofeti wakhe, ngokweendlela ezimbini zotoliko ezibizwa ngokuba ziShiite kunye neSunni. Kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho malunga ne-1200 yezigidi zamaSilamsi kwihlabathi elinemijikelo engaphezulu okanye encinci yokuncamathisela kwimigaqo yezenkolo, eyenza ukuba ibe yinkolo yesibini ethembekileyo ehlabathini.
Inkolo yamaJuda. Eli ligama elinikwe inkolo yamaJuda, oyena mdala kwizithixo ezintathu ezinkulu, nangona ingoyena mntu unamanani athembekileyo (malunga nezigidi ezili-14). Isiseko sayo yiTorah, nangona kungekho mthetho upheleleyo wale nkolo, kodwa iyinxalenye yento ebizwa ngokuba yiTestamente eNdala yamaKristu. Nangona kunjalo, inkolo yamaJuda imanyanisa ukuthembeka kwayo njengenkolelo, isiko lenkcubeko, kunye nesizwe, ebenza bahluke kakhulu kwezinye.
Unkolo yamaHindu. Le nkolo yeyaseIndiya naseNepal, kwaye yinkolo yesithathu ethembekileyo ehlabathini: abalandeli abamalunga nesigidi esinye. Ngokwenyani iseti yeemfundiso ezahlukileyo, ezibekwe phantsi kwegama elinye, ngaphandle komsunguli omnye okanye naluphi na uhlobo lombutho ophakathi, kodwa isithethe senkcubeko dharma. Esi sesona sizathu sokuba ubuHindu, njengobuJuda, bumele inkolelo kuphela kodwa inkcubeko epheleleyo, apho unqulo, inkolelo yezithixo kwanobukho bukaThixo bunendawo, kuba ikwanayo nemfundiso enye.
UbuTao. Ngaphezu kwenkolo nje, yinkqubo yefilosofi eqhuba iimfundiso zesithandi sobulumko saseTshayina uLao Tse, eziqokelelwe kwincwadi iTao Te King. Bakhomba kwingcinga yelizwe elawulwa yimikhosi emithathu: the yin (amandla okwenziwa), the yang (amandla asebenzayo) kunye CAT (uxolelanisa amandla aphezulu aqulathiweyo), kwaye le ndoda kufuneka inqwenele ukungqinelana ngaphakathi. Ngaloo ndlela, ubuTao abuyibizi ikhowudi okanye imfundiso ekufuneka ethembeke kuyo abathembekileyo, kodwa uthotho lwemigaqo elawulayo yefilosofi.
UbuShinto. Le nkolo yokunqula izithixo yinzalelwane yaseJapan kwaye into enqulwa ngayo yile kami okanye imimoya yendalo. Phakathi kwezinto ezenziwayo kukho i-animism, ukuhlonelwa kwezinyanya, kwaye inemibhalo embalwa engcwele yemvelaphi yendawo, enje ngeShoku Nihongi okanye iKojiki, eyokugqibela ingumbhalo wembali. Kananjalo ayinabo oothixo ababalaseleyo okanye ababodwa, okanye iindlela zonqulo ezimiselweyo, kwaye yayiyinkolo yaseburhulumenteni kude kube ngo-1945.
I-Santeria (Umthetho we-Oshá-Ifá). Le nkolo iyimveliso yokuvumelanisa phakathi kobuKatolika baseYurophu kunye nenkolo yaseYoruba yemvelaphi yaseAfrika, kwaye yenzeke ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sobuKoloniyali baseMelika apho zombini iinkcubeko zingcolileyo. Yinkolo eyaziwayo eLatin America, kwiiCanary Islands kwaye ikhona eYurophu nakuMntla Melika, ngaphandle kokuba inxulunyaniswe namasiko abantu baseNigeria abasasazeke njengamakhoboka ngesandla esoyisayo saseYurophu. Ichaswe yimibono ye-Eurocentric, ebonwe kuthixo wayo kunye nezenzo zayo, ezihlala zibandakanya ukudanisa, utywala kunye namadini ezilwanyana, umphambili wemithetho yobuKrestu.