Umxholo
Inkqubo ye-ukuqinisa yinkqubo ebonakalayo ekhokelela kwimicimbi evela kwi- imeko engamanzi okwangoku imeko eqinileyo, ngokutshintsha iimeko zabo ubushushu (Ukuqina) okanye uxinzelelo, okanye ukulahleka kokufuma ngumphunga (Ukuchazwa). Yinkqubo yokubuyela umva ukudibanisa.
Ukuqiniswa kudlula kula manqanaba alandelayo:
- Imeko yotywala. Amasuntswana ayo aqukethe amandla amaninzi kwaye akwimo yokuhamba okuphezulu.
- Inkangeleko yenuclei eqinileyo kulwelo, njengeekristali okanye ukuqina okuqinileyo kumxholo wolwelo.
- Ukubonakala kwe-dendrites kulwelo: imigca eqinileyo edibanisa i-nuclei kwaye ibonakalise ukubonakala kweebhloko eziqinileyo okanye ezomeleleyo.
- Inkangeleko yokuvela kweenkozo eziqinileyo kunye nelahleko elandelayo yokuhamba kwamasuntswana, akhokelela kukuqiniswa kolwelo.
Ingakukhonza: Imizekelo yoQinisekiso, uFusion, uMophu, ukuNcitshiswa kunye nokuNgena
Imizekelo yokuqiniswa
Ukwenza umkhenkce. Ngokuzisa amanzi kwindawo ahlala kuyo engumkhenkce oyi-0 ° C, ulwelo luphulukana nokuhamba kwalo kwaye lube yimeko eqinileyo, kungoko lenza umkhenkce omile kwisikhongozelo apho amanzi ebekhona.
Ukwenza amakhandlela. Zenziwe ngeeparafini ezivela kwipetroleum, zinikwa ubume bazo kwaye umsonto ufakwa kunye nomthamo kwifom engaphezulu okanye encinci, ngenxa yesiphumo sobushushu. Emva koko, njengoko upholile, i-wax iyaqina kwaye ihlale iqinile de kube kukhanya umsonto, kuba umlilo ubuyisile ubumanzi bayo.
Ukwenza ubucwebe. Igolide, isilivere kunye nezinye izinyithi ezixabisekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ubucwebe: amakhonkco, izacholo zomqala, njl. Xa ikwimeko engamanzi, intsimbi iyavunyelwa ukuba ipholile kwisikhunta esithile, apho iya kuthi iphume khona iqinile kwaye inyamezeleke.
Ukwenziwa kwetshokholethi. Ukwenza itshokholethi, umgubo ofunyenwe ekugcadiseni nasekuguqulweni kwecocoa uyasetyenziswa, uxutywe namanzi kunye nobisi ukwenza isincamathelisi esingamanzi, emva koko siyapholiswa kwaye somiswe ukufumana iintlobo ezithile zentengiso.
Ukwenza izitena. Izitena zokwakha zenziwa ngomxube wodongwe kunye nezinye izinto ezithi, kwindawo enamanzi alulwelo, zifumane imilo yazo. Lo mxube uyabhaka ukuba ususe ukufuma kwaye uwunike ukuqina kunye nokumelana.
Ukuveliswa kweglasi. Ukuveliswa kweziglasi zeglasi zazo zonke iintlobo kuqala ukusukela ekuhlanganisweni kwemathiriyeli eluhlaza (isanti yesanti, ikhalsiyam carbonate kunye nelitye lekalika), ide inikwe ukungqinelana okufanelekileyo ukuyivuthela kwaye uyijike, emva koko uyipholise kwaye uyivumele ukuba ifumane uphawu lwayo Ubulukhuni kunye nokwenza izinto elubala.
Ukwenza izixhobo. Kwintsimbi engamanzi (i-alloy yentsimbi kunye nekhabhoni), izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinto zokusetyenziswa zemihla ngemihla zenziwa, ukuxhathisa kwazo kwiimpembelelo, uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu kubalulekile, kuba ukudityaniswa kwentsimbi kwenzeka kumaqondo aphezulu kakhulu (malunga ne-1535 ° C), kunqabile enokufikelelwa ngaphandle kweziko loshishino. Isinyithi esingamanzi sivunyelwe ukupholisa kwaye someleze kwisikhunta kwaye isixhobo sifunyenwe.
Ukulungiselela iGelatin. Nangona iyi-colloid (semisolid), efunyenwe ekunqunyanyisweni kwe-collagen ekutshiziseni kunye nasekuhanjisweni okulandelayo kwezicubu ezinxulumene nemvelaphi yezilwanyana, ngumzekelo wokuqiniswa ngokuphulukana nobushushu obufunekayo ukwenza umxube wolwelo.
Ukuveliswa kwelatex. I-Latex isisombululo se-colloidal yamafutha, i-waxes kunye ne-resins yemvelaphi yemifuno, kunye neyona nto inqabileyo eyaziwayo. Imveliso yayo yeiglavu okanye iikhondom iqala ngokuqokelelwa kwento kunye nonyango lwayo lwekhemikhali ukuyigcina ilulwelo, uku-ayina kwayo emva koko kunye nokuveliswa kwamanqanaba amxinwa kakhulu kwento leyo, ngoku, evunyelwe ukuba yome kwaye yomelele.
Ukukhulelwa kwamatye angenanto. Inkqubo ye- amatye angenanto Imvelaphi yazo yimagma yentaba-mlilo ehlala kwiindawo ezinzulu zomhlaba, ethi xa ihluma kumphezulu uphole, yomelele kwaye iqine, ide ibe lilitye.
Ukwenza iilekese. Ezi iilekese zinemvelaphi yazo ekutshisweni nasekunyibilikisweni kweswekile eqhelekileyo, de kube kufunyenwe into engamdaka ngombala, ethi yakugalelwa kwisikhunta, ivumeleke ukuba ibe lukhuni ukwenza i-caramel.
Umkhenkce womkhenkce uyabanda. Xa kuthatyathwa i-45 ° C, i-mercury, ekwabizwa ngokuba yisilivere engamanzi, iyaqina, ubukho bayo kwigumbi lobushushu ngesiqhelo bulwelo.
Imodeli eyenziwe ngezandla yodongwe. Udongwe luhlobo lomhlaba othi, xa unkcenkceshelwe, lube lula kwaye lwenze ukuba kube lula ukwenza iimbiza, amanani kunye nezixhobo zobugcisa. Xa sele uphelelwe ngamanzi, udongwe luyomelela kwaye luqine, lube yinto enganyangekiyo.
Ukuveliswa kweesoseji zegazi. Njengazo zonke iisoseji, iisoseji zegazi zenziwe ngegazi elijiyileyo kunye nelosiweyo, lanyangeka ngaphakathi kwesikhumba se-pig tripe. Xa ugodola, igazi elingamanzi liba yinyama eqinileyo yesoseji yegazi.
Ukwenza ibhotolookanye imajarini. Enye yeenkqubo zokwenza imveliso koku kutya kubandakanya ukugcwala kweoyile yemifuno okanye yemvelaphi yezilwanyana, oko kukuthi, i-hyperhydrogenation, ukunyanzela ibhondi enye ukuba iphindwe kabini. Ngale nkqubo, ioyile iyaqina okanye icolloid (njengebhotolo) kubushushu begumbi.
Bona kwakho:
- Imizekelo esuka kwiiLiquids ukuya kwiiSolids (kunye nenye indlela ejikeleze)
- Imizekelo esuka kwiiLwelo ukuya kwiiGesi (kunye nenye indlela ejikelezileyo)
- Yintoni i-Solidification, Fusion, evaporation, Sublimation and Condensation?
