Imithetho yezenzululwazi

Umxholo

• Imizekelo yemithetho yenzululwazi

Inkqubo ye- imithetho yenzululwazi Zizindululo ezichaza ubudlelwane obuhlala buhleli phakathi kwezinto ezimbini ubuncinci. Ezi ziphakamiso zichazwe ngolwimi olusesikweni okanye nangolwimi lwemathematika.

Imithetho yezenzululwazi ihlala iqinisekiswa, oko kukuthi, inokuqinisekiswa.

• Imithetho yezenzululwazi inokubhekisa kuyo iziganeko zendalo, kwaye ke kuloo meko bayabizwa imithetho yendalo.
• Nangona kunjalo, banokubhekisa nakwizinto zentlalo, kwiimeko apho zenziwe khona zezeNtlalo. Ziyaqinisekiswa kuba zibonisa iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kwizinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zentlalo. Inzululwazi yezentlalo inokuchaza imithetho yokuziphatha. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhamba kwexesha kunokufumanisa ukuba eminye imithetho yezenzululwazi yezentlalo isebenza kuphela kwimeko ezithile zembali.
• Imithetho yezenzululwazi ichaza unxibelelwano rhoqo phakathi kwesiqhelo (unobangela) kunye nesiphumo (isiphumo).Bukela: Imizekelo yesizathu kunye nefuthe.

Zonke IiSayensi Zenziwe ngokusekwe kwimithetho yesayensi ngokubanzi kunye nemithetho ethile kuqeqesho ngalunye.

Phambi kokuba uchaze umthetho, kufuneka ukuba isazinzulu okanye iqela lezenzululwazi lichaze a intelekelelo eqinisekiswa ngedatha yekhonkrithi. Ukuze i-hypothesis ibe ngumthetho, kufuneka ichonge into eqhubekayo kwaye kufuneka kuvavanywe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.

Imizekelo yemithetho yenzululwazi

1. Umthetho wokhuphiswano, kuqala ukubeka: Ukuxhathisa ukutyibilika okuthe tye phakathi kwamalungu amabini kuyalingana namandla aqhelekileyo phakathi kwabo.
2. Umthetho wokhuphiswano, okwesibini: Ukuxhathisa ukutyibilika okungahambelaniyo phakathi kwemizimba emibini kuzimele kwimilinganiselo yokunxibelelana phakathi kwabo.
3. Umthetho wokuqala kaNewton. Umthetho we-inertia. UIsaac Newton wayengusosayensi, umqambi kunye nesazi sezibalo. Ufumene imithetho elawula i-classical physics. Umthetho wawo wokuqala ngulo: "Wonke umzimba uyanyamezela kwimeko yawo yokuphumla okanye iyunifomu okanye intshukumo ye-rectilinear, ngaphandle kokuba unyanzelwe ukuba atshintshe imeko yawo, yimikhosi echukunyiswe kuyo."
4. Umthetho wesibini waseNewton. Umthetho osisiseko weentshukumo.- "Utshintsho lwentshukumo lungqamana ngqo namandla eprintiweyo kwaye lwenzeka ngokomgca othe ngqo oshicilelwe nguloo mandla."
5. Umthetho wesithathu kaNewton. Umgaqo wesenzo kunye nokuphendula. "Isenzo ngasinye sihambelana nentshukumo"; "Ngamanyathelo onke ukusabela okulinganayo nokuphikisanayo kuhlala kusenzeka, oko kukuthi, isenzo esenziwe ngamalungu amabini sihlala silingana kwaye sijolise kwelinye icala."
6. Umthetho kaHubbleUmthetho womzimba. Ibizwa ngokuba ngumthetho wolwandiso lwe cosmic. Iposiwe nguEdwin Powell Hubble, inkulungwane ye-20 yeenkwenkwezi zaseMelika. I-redshift yegalaxy ilingana nomgama wayo.
7. Umthetho weCoulomb: Yachazwa nguCharles-Augustin de Coulomb, ingcali yezibalo yaseFrance, ifiziksi kunye neinjineli. Umthetho uthi, xa unika intsebenzo yamanqaku amabini ekuphumleni, ubukhulu bombane ngamnye asebenzisana nawo ulingana ngokuthe ngqo kwimveliso yobukhulu bezo ntlawulo zombini, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo ulingana nesikwere somgama iyabahlula. Isalathiso sayo sesemigca edibanisa imithwalo. Ukuba izityholo zingophawu olunye, umkhosi uyanyanyeka. Ukuba izityholo zezophawu oluchaseneyo, imikhosi iyenyanyeka.
8. Umthetho ka-Ohm: Uchazwe nguGeorg Simon Ohm, ugqirha wamachiza waseJamani kunye nesazi semathematika. Igcina ukuba umahluko onokubakho u-V ovela phakathi kweziphelo zomqhubi onikiweyo ulingana nobungakanani be-I yangoku ejikeleza ngokusebenzisa umqhubi. Phakathi kwe-V kunye nam into elungelelanisiweyo yi-R: ukuxhathisa kombane.
   • Inkcazo yeMathematics yoMthetho ka-Ohm: V = R. Mna
9. Umthetho woxinzelelo oluyinxalenye. Ikwabizwa ngokuba nguMthetho kaDalton, ngenxa yokuba yenziwe ngusokhemisi waseBritane, ifiziksi kunye nesazi semathematika uJohn Dalton. Ithi uxinzelelo lomxube weegesi ezingasabeliyo ngekhemikhali lilingana nesixa soxinzelelo lwenxalenye nganye nganye kumthamo ofanayo, ngaphandle kokwahluka kobushushu.
10. Umthetho wokuqala kaKepler. Imijikelezo ye-Elliptical. UJohannes Kepler wayeyisazi ngeenkwenkwezi kunye nesazi semathematika esafumanisa iziganeko ezingenakwenzeka ekuhambeni kweeplanethi. Umthetho wakhe wokuqala uthi zonke iiplanethi zihamba zijikeleza ilanga kwii-elliptical orbits. Yonke i-ellipse ineefoksi ezimbini. Ilanga likwenye yazo.
11. Umthetho wesibini kaKepler. Isantya seeplanethi: "Umjelo werediyo ojoyina iplanethi kunye nelanga litshabalalisa iindawo ezilinganayo ngamaxesha alinganayo."
12. Umthetho wokuqala weThermodynamics. Umgaqo wolondolozo lwamandla. "Amandla awenziwanga okanye atshatyalaliswe, atshintsha kuphela."
13. Umthetho wesibini we-thermodynamics. Kwimeko yokulingana, amaxabiso athathwe ziimpawu zeparameter yenkqubo evaliweyo ye-thermodynamic kangangokuba anyusa ixabiso lobukhulu obuthile obungumsebenzi wale parameter, ibizwa ngokuba yi-entropy.
14. Umthetho wesithathu we-thermodynamics. Ukuthunyelwa kukaNernst. Ihambisa izinto ezimbini: xa ufikelela kwi-zero ngokupheleleyo (zero Kelvin) nayiphi na inkqubo kwinkqubo yokumisa komzimba. Ukufikelela kwi-zero ngokupheleleyo, i-entropy ifinyelela ubuncinci kunye nexabiso rhoqo.
15. Umgaqo weArchimedes 'wokuphakama. Yachazwa sisazi sezibalo samaGrike u-Archimedes. Ngumthetho ophathekayo othi umzimba ugcwele ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokungagqibelelanga kulwelo ekuphumleni ufumana isundulu esivela ezantsi esilinganayo nobunzima bomthamo wolwelo oludlulayo.
16. Umthetho wolondolozo lwemicimbi. Umthetho kaLamonosov Lavoisier. "Isambuku sobunzima bazo zonke izinto ezibandakanyekayo ekuphenduleni silingana nesixa sobunzima bazo zonke iimveliso ezifumanekayo."
17. Umthetho wokuqina. Echazwe nguRobert Hooke, isazinzulu saseBritane. Igcina ukuba, kwimeko yolulello lobude, iyunithi yokuvulwa kweeyunithi efunyanwa ngu izinto elastic ilingane ngokuthe ngqo kumandla asetyenziswa kuyo.
18. Umthetho wokuhambisa ubushushu. Iposiwe nguJean-Baptiste uJoseph Fourier, isazi sezibalo saseFrance kunye nesayensi yamachiza. Ibambe ukuba, kwindawo ye-isotropic, ukudluliswa kobushushu kuqhubeke ukuqhuba ilinganayo kwaye kwicala elichaseneyo ukuya kwiqondo lobushushu kwelo cala.