Umxholo
Inkqubo ye- iintsholongwane zizinto eziphilayo unicellular kwaye banjalo izinto zeprokaryotic. Oku kuthetha ukuba imathiriyeli yayo yemfuza, imolekyuli enesangqa esenziwe ngesangqa se-DNA, isimahla kwi-cytoplasm, engafakwanga ngaphakathi kwenucleus.
Ukusukela ukuba ii-microfossils kunye ne stromatolites (amathambo e-fossil ebhaktiriya axutywe nezimbiwa) afunyenwe kwizidumbu ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zejoloji, nakwiziseko zamatye ezidala kune 3.5 yezigidigidi zeminyakaKuthiwa iintsholongwane bezikho ukususela kumaxesha amandulo.
Kakhulu kangangokuba babekhona ixesha elide kwimbali yomhlaba apho kwakungekho ezinye iindlela zobomi. Ngapha koko, iibhaktheriya zazisa iziganeko ezibalulekileyo zokuzivelela kwezinto.
- Bona kwakho:Iintsholongwane (zebhayoloji)
Iindidi zebhaktiriya
Kuhlala kwahlulwa namhlanje ngokwamaqela amabini amakhulu:
- Iibhaktheriya: zimelwe ngu zibalasele kwindalo esingqongileyo namhlanje, kunye nobukho bamanqanaba ahlukeneyo eoksijini kunye neemetabolism ezahlukeneyo.
- IArchaea: Indaleko imele a udidi oludlulileyo, Ngeemetabolism ezilungelelaniswe ngokukodwa neemeko ezigqithileyo zokusingqongileyo, ezinje ngokungabikho kweoksijini (khumbula ukuba, ngokophando olungqongqo, bekungekho oksijini kwiplanethi kude kufike imifuno, abakhululi abakhulu beoksijini), okanye isaline kakhulu okanye imeko eneasidi eninzi kwaye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
Enkulu impumelelo yendaleko iintsholongwane zibangelwa kukumangaliswa kwazo ukuxubana kwemetabolism. Kungachazwa ukuba zonke iindlela ezinokubakho ze ukufumana into kunye namandla Zikhona zisasazwa kwiindidi zebacteria.
- Bona kwakho: Imizekelo yee-Microorganisms
Imizekelo yebhaktiriya
| Escherichia coli | Bacillus thuringiensis |
| Bacillus subtilis | IClostridium botulinum |
| Isifo sephepha seMicobacterium | Clostridium tetani |
| I-Nitrobacter winogradsky | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| I-Thiobacillus ferooxidans | I-Falvobacterium aquatile |
| IRodospirillum rubrum | Azotobacter chroococcum |
| IChloroflexus aurantiacus | I-Neisseria gonorrhaea |
| Enterobacter aerogenes | Umkhuhlane weHaemophilus |
| Serratia marcescens | Yersinia enterocolitica |
| Salmonella typhi | IStaphylococcus aureus |
Ukubaluleka
Inkqubo ye- iintsholongwane Zinokubaluleka okukhulu kwindalo, kuba zikho kwimijikelo yendalo yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ebomini: i-nitrogen, ikhabhoni, i-phosphorus, isalfure, njl.
UCanzibe Guqula i-organic ibe zizinto ezingaqhelekanga kwaye kwangokunjalo. Ngelixa iibacteria ezininzi zingunobangela kwaye zibangela isifo kwizityalo nakwizilwanyana (kubandakanya nabantu).
Ezinye ezininzi zisetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo zoshishino, njenge Ukulungiswa kokutya kunye neziselo utywala iziyobisi, ukusuka iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane, njl.
Iimpawu
Inkqubo ye- iintsholongwane Ziyimicroscopic kwaye ngaphandle kwenwebu evale icytoplasm yazo kukho isakhiwo esibizwa ngokuba ludonga lweseli. Ngokuchaneka ngokwangaphandle, ezinye iibhaktiriya zakha into efana nejeli ebizwa ngokuba philisi.
Iibhaktheriya zivelisa ngokuqhekeka kokubini kwaye ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, ngenxa yoko zininzi kakhulu. Ngenxa yemetabolism eyahlukeneyo, banokuchuma kwiindawo ezininzi ezinje:
- Amanzi amnandi kunye netyuwa
- Izinto eziphilayo
- Phantsi
- Iziqhamo kunye neenkozo
- Izityalo
- Izilwanyana, ngaphakathi nangaphandle
Iintsholongwane ezininzi ziyahlangana ukwenza izibini, imixokelelwane okanye iipakethe; bahlala behamba; Iflagellum (uhlobo olunesihlomelo eside) sisakhiwo esihlala sinegalelo ekuhambeni, kodwa ingesiso sodwa. Iseti yeentsholongwane kwinkcubeko ibizwa ngokuba yikholoni.
Landela ngo:
- Imizekelo yeGrm Positive kunye ne-Gram Negative Bacteria
- Imizekelo yee-Unicellular Organisms
- Imizekelo yeProkaryotic kunye ne-Eukaryotic Organisms
