IHormone

Umxholo

• Imizekelo yehomoni

Inkqubo ye- iihomoni Zizinto eziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwesiqhelo komzimba womntu kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ziveliswa ngamalungu athile abizwa ngokuba amadlala endocrine, ezinjengepancreas okanye i-pituitary gland, kwaye ungene kwigazi.

IiHormone zifumaneka kwindawo esezantsi kakhulu egazini, nangona kunjalo,lawula imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ngokuchanekileyo njengokufana noshukela, ukulungiswa kwekhalsiyam emathanjeni nakwiigemetogenesis.

IiHormone zinokuqwalaselwa njenge iimolekyuli zomthunywa, ukuba Ukulungelelanisa imisebenzi yamalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba. Kufuneka iqatshelwe ukuba iihomoni zikhupha isenzo sazo iiseli eyahlukileyo kwezo zidityanisiwe. Iihomoni ezininzi ziiproteni, ezinye zikhona ii-steroids Iziphumo zecholesterol.

Ingakukhonza: Imizekelo yeeHormone zezilwanyana kunye neZityalo

Inkqubo ye- iintshukumo zehomoni Banokubangelwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, omnye umlilo kwimizuzwana nje, abanye bafuna iintsuku ezininzi ukuqala okanye iiveki okanye iinyanga. Ubuninzi bemisebenzi emininzi yeekhemikhali zeselula ilawulwa ziihomoni.

Phakathi kwemisebenzi eyenziwa ngamahomoni, oku kulandelayo kuyabonakala:

• Ukusetyenziswa nokugcinwa kwamandla
• Ukukhula, ukukhula kunye nokuzala
• Amanqanaba egazi kulwelo, ityuwa, kunye neswekile
• Ukwenziwa kwamathambo kunye nobunzima bemisipha
• Ukuguqulwa kwemodareyitha yenkqubo yeemvakalelo kunye neenkqubo zemoto kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezikhuthazayo

Iihomoni ezahlukileyo zidweliswe apha ngezantsi kwaye iindlela eziphambili ababandakanyeka kuzo zibonisiwe.

Imizekelo yehomoni

1. I testosterone: Ngokwesiqhelo yincindi yedlala elawula ukukhula kweempawu zesini sesibini (ilizwi elingqingqwa, ubunzima bemisipha, iinwele), nangona kubalulekile ukuba kubekho ispermatogenesis esichanekileyo.
2. I-insulin: Le hormone yenziwa yipancreas kwaye iyimfuneko ekumiseni uxinzelelo lweglucose egazini. Kungenxa yoko le nto inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nesifo esiqhelekileyo: isifo seswekile.
3. Iswekile yeglucagon: Isebenza kwikhonsathi kunye ne-insulin, ke ikwabalulekile kubhalansi lweglucose.
4. IParathormone: Le hormone iveliswa yi-parathyroid gland kwaye ibandakanyeka kwi-metabolism ye-calcium ne-phosphorus. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yethambo kunye nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwevithamini D.
5. Calcitonin: Kukwabaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yethambo, iyasebenza ngokuchasene nehomoni yeparadroid.
6. IAldosterone: Ilawula inqanaba le-sodium kunye ne-potassium egazini nasemchameni; inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokusebenza kwesiqhelo sezintso. Le hormone iveliswa yi-adrenal gland.
7. Ihomoni ye-Antidiuretic: Iyabandakanyeka ekubuyiselweni kwakhona kweemolekyuli zamanzi kwii-tiles ze-renal, yiyo loo nto inxulunyaniswa nemveliso yomchamo. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-vasopressin, inendima ephambili kwi-homeostasis yomzimba.
8. Prolactin: Yenziwe kwi-pituitary gland yangaphambili kwaye ilawula ukuveliswa kobisi ngamadlala esibelekweni. Iyonyuka xa ukuhanjiswa kusondela kwaye kwangoko emva kwayo.
9. Ioksijini: Le hormone ibalulekile ukubangela ukucaphuka kwesibeleko ekufuneka kwenzeke ngexesha lokubeleka, kuveliswa yipituitary.
10. Ityroxine: Inxulumene ne-thyroid gland kwaye ilawula iinkqubo ezininzi zomzimba, kubandakanywa imetabolism yeseli, ukukhula kunye nokuphuhliswa kwenkqubo ye-nervous. Izifo ezahlukileyo zinokubangelwa kukutshintsha kokudibanisa le hormone, ezona zixhaphakileyo yi-hypothyroidism kunye ne-hyperthyroidism.
11. Iprogesterone: Yiprogestogen eyimfuneko yotshintsho lokuvuthwa olwenzeka kwi-endometrium eya kuthi ivumele ukukhula kombungu, ke ngoko, kubalulekile ekukhulelweni. Kukwabalulekile ekungeneni ebusheni ekukhuleni kwamalungu esini sabasetyhini kwaye ihlala isetyenziswa njengonyango olungena endaweni yokuyeka ukuya exesheni. Iveliswa ikakhulu kwi-ovary.
12. Somatotrophin: Ikwabizwa ngokuba yihomoni yokukhula, kubalulekile ekukhuleni ngokuchanekileyo komntwana; Isebenza ngokudibanisa iiprotein, yonyusa ukusetyenziswa kweglucose kunye ne-lipolysis. Khuthaza ukukhula kwamalungu ngokubanzi.
13. Follicle Ukukhuthaza iHormone: Yehomoni eyimfuneko ekukhuleni kweefollary ze-ovari kunye nokugqitywa komjikelo wokuya exesheni komfazi, oyimfuneko ekuzaleni kwakhona.
14. Ukunciphisa ihomoni: Isebenza ngendlela yokuhambelana neyangaphambili, ivuselela i-ovulation kwaye iqala ukuyilwa kwe-corpus luteum. Ihomoni yeLuteinizing ihlala ivavanywa kuvavanyo lweengxaki zokungachumi kwabasetyhini.
15. Iadrenaline (epinephrine): Yi-neurotransmitter ethatha inxaxheba ekuphenduleni kwendalo koxinzelelo kuxinzelelo, esebenza phantse kuzo zonke izicwili; ibalulekile kwi-flight reflex kwaye isetyenziswa njengonyango kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukubanjwa kwentliziyo, uhlaselo lwesifuba kunye nokuphendula komzimba.
16. ICortisol: Yiglucocorticoid enxulumene nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ukutya okunamafutha, kunye nenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-gluconeogenesis. Ukudityaniswa kwayo kunye nokukhululwa kubangelwa ziimeko zoxinzelelo.
17. Melatonin: Le hormone inxulumene neziganeko ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, ichaphazela amajoni omzimba, ukwaluphala, izifo zentliziyo, ukutshintsha kwesingqi sokulala / sokuvuka, kwaye inoxanduva lweemeko ezithile zengqondo. IMelatonin isetyenziselwa ukulwa iingxaki zokulala, phakathi kwabanye.
18. I-Estradiol: Iyabandakanyeka ekukhuleni kwamalungu okuzala, njengenxalenye yophuhliso lwabasetyhini, kodwa ikwakhona nakumadoda. Inefuthe elibonakalayo kubunzima bethambo, ukuba yinxalenye yonyango olungena endaweni yehomoni kubafazi abasemva kwemini.
19. Triiodothyronine: Le hormone ibandakanya phantse zonke iinkqubo zomzimba (ukukhula kunye nokukhula, iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni, ukubetha kwentliziyo, njl.). Ngokuvuselela ukuthotywa kwe iikhabhohayidrethi kunye nefayile ye- amafutha, yenza ukusebenza kwe-aerobic metabolism kunye neprotein degradation, oko kukuthi, yonyusa isiseko semetabolism.
20. Androstenedione: Ingumlinganiso wehomoni yamanye amahomoni: i-androsterone kunye ne-estrogens; Kuyimfuneko ke ngoko ukugcina impilo yokuzala, kokubini amadoda nabasetyhini. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo njengesongezelelo kuye kwavalwa kuba ithathwa njenge-anabolic steroid enegalelo ekwandiseni ubunzima bemisipha kunye nokuxhathisa komzimba kwiimbaleki.