Ithiyori ligama elinemvelaphi yesiGrike a isindululo esibonisa inyani kwicandelo elithile lesayensi, eneempawu ezithile zokubonisa ngokubhenela kwezinye izindululo ebezibonakalisiwe ngaphambili, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-axioms. Ngokuqhelekileyo theorems ixhasa iinzululwazi ezibizwa ngokuba ‘ngqo’.
Ukucinga emva komxholo wethiyori kukuba, Logama nje ezi zinto zisekwe kwizindululo eziyinyani ezichaziweyo ngokuchanekileyo nangokuchanekileyo, into ethethwa yithiyori yinyani yokunyaniseka okupheleleyo. Yiyo kanye le nto ibavumelayo ukuba basebenze njengenkxaso kuphuhliso lwayo nayiphi na ithiyori, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokungqina kwakhona.
Umgangatho ophakathi we theorems luphawu lwabo iyavakala. Ngokubanzi, kwaye kwakhona xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zolwazi lwenzululwazi (ezinjengezo ziveliswa ngokuthotyelwa okanye ngokujongwa), imvelaphi yayo isusela ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo esengqiqweni enoku-odolwa ngokulula. Ngale ndlela, theorems iqala ukusuka kwi I-hypothesis esisiseko, yile nto ufuna ukuyibonisa; ithisisi, ethe ngqo umboniso, kunye nolungelelaniso, oluyi isiphelo oko kufikelelwa xa umboniso ugqityiwe.
Njengoko sele kutshiwo, uluvo oluphambili lwe theorems ngumbuzo wokusebenza rhoqo kunye nokubanakho ukuphinda usayinwe kwaye wamkelwe kwakhona ngawo onke amaxesha. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imeko inye iyavela apho ithiyori iphulukana nobume bayo, ithiyori ithi ngoko nangoko ingabi semthethweni.
Umxholo wethiyori uthathe ezinye iinzululwazi (ezoqoqosho, isayikholoji okanye isayensi yezopolitiko, phakathi kwezinye izinto) ukuyila iikhonsepthi ezithile ezibalulekileyo okanye ezisisiseko ezilawula ezo nkalo, nokuba aziveli ngenkqubo echaziweyo. Kwezi meko, ii-axioms azisetyenziswanga kodwa endaweni yoko kuthathelwa ingqalelo iinkqubo ezinje ngokujonga okanye nokuba ziisampulu zamanani.
Olu luhlu lulandelayo luqokelela imizekelo yeethiyori kunye nenkcazo emfutshane yoko ikubekayo:
- Ithiyori kaPythagorasubudlelwane phakathi komlinganiso we-hypotenuse kunye nemilenze, kwimeko yoonxantathu abalungileyo.
- Ithiyori yenombolo eyintlokoNjengokuba umgca manani ukhula, kuyakubakho amanani ambalwa kwaye ancipha kwiqela.
- Ithiyori yeBinomialIfomula yokusombulula amandla e-binomials (ukongezwa okanye ukukhutshwa kwezinto).
- Ithiyori kaFrobeniusUkusombulula ifomula yeenkqubo zokulinganisa okulinganayo.
- Ithiyori yeThalesIimpawu ngokwee-engile kunye namacala oonxantathu abafanayo, kunye nezinye iipropathi zazo.
- Ithiyori kaEuler: inani leeveti kunye nenani lobuso lilingana nenani lemiphetho kunye no-2.
- Ingcinga kaPtolemyIsiphumo seemveliso ze-diagonal siyalingana nesixa seemveliso zala macala achaseneyo.
- Ithiyori kaCauchy-HadamardUkusekwa kweradiyo yokuhlangana kothotho lwamagunya aqikelela umsebenzi ojikeleze inqaku.
- Ithiyori kaRolleKwithuba lokuphumla kuvavanyo olugqithisileyo lomsebenzi owahlukileyo olinganayo, kuya kuhlala kukho inqaku apho isiphumo siphela.
- Ixabiso lexabiso theoremUkuba umsebenzi uqhubeka kwaye wahlulahlula phakathi kwisithuba, kuyakubakho inqaku kwelo xesha apho i-tangent iya kudibana kwi-secant.
- Ithiyori kaCauchy Dini: Imiqathango yokubalwa kwezinto ezivela kwimisebenzi ebonakalayo.
- Ithiyori yokubalaUkufunyanwa kunye nokudityaniswa komsebenzi kukusebenza okungafaniyo.
- Ithiyori yeArithmeticInani elipheleleyo elipheleleyo linokumelwa njengemveliso yezinto eziphambili.
- Ithiyori yeBayes (amanani): Indlela yokufumana iimeko ezinemiqathango.
- Ithiyori yecobweb (ezoqoqosho)Ithiyori yokuchaza ukwenziwa kweemveliso ezenziwe ngokwexabiso langaphambili.
- Ithiyori kaMarshall Lerner (ezoqoqosho)Uhlalutyo lwempembelelo yokuhla kwemali ngokwexabiso lamaxabiso.
- Coase theorem (ezoqoqosho)Isisombululo samatyala angaphandle, ajonge ekunciphiseni ulawulo.
- Ithiyori yokuvota yaseMedian (isayensi yezopolitiko): Uninzi lwenkqubo yonyulo ithande ukuthanda ivoti ephakathi.
- Ithiyori kaBaglini (isayensi yezopolitiko, iArgentina): Ipolitiki ithanda ukuzisa izindululo zayo kwiziko xa isondela kwizikhundla zamandla.
- Ithiyori kaTomas (intlalontle): Ukuba abantu bazichaza iimeko njengezinyani, ziyinyani kwiziphumo zazo.
