Amacwecwe

Umxholo

• Ithafa livela phi?
• Umzekelo wamathafa aphesheya kwezwekazi
• Imizekelo yamathafa aselwandle

A ithafa Luhlobo loncedo olubonakaliswa kukuphakanyiswa komhlaba kunye nomgangatho othe tyaba okanye othe tyaba, onobude obungaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-400 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle.

Ithafa eli lingqongwe ngumhlaba ongezantsi kwaye alibonakali ngokwandiswa kodwa nokuphakama kwalo. Kudla ngokuthiwa ithafa ngumhlaba ophakathi kwethafa okanye ithafa nentaba.

Amathafa afunyenwe kumhlaba welizwekazi ayaziwa njengeethafa lelizwekazi, umzekelo: ithafa laseTibetan kwiiHimalaya; Kukwakho namathafa aphantsi kwamanzi aphantsi kolwandle, umzekelo: I-Campbell Plateau kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki yoMzantsi.

• Ingakukhonza: Uncedo kunye neempawu zazo

Ithafa livela phi?

Ithafa livela ngenxa yothotho lweziganeko kunye neendawo ezenzeka ngaphezulu kwezigidi zeminyaka.

• Ukuphakama kwamacwecwe eetectonic plates. La macwecwe aphakanyiswe ngokuthe tye kwaye enza ithafa.
• Ukhukuliseko lomhlaba ojikeleze umhlaba. Xa isibonelelo senzeka emhlabeni, esihlala sicaciswe yimilambo, imimandla ejikelezileyo iyatshona kwaye ngenxa yoko yenza ithafa.
• Ukwehla kweentaba. Olu khukuliseko luveliswa sisenzo semvula, imimoya kunye nezinye izinto ezikhukulisayo.
• Isenzo seentaba-mlilo. Kukho amathafa aphuma kwimvelaphi yentaba-mlilo avele kukhukuliseko lomhlaba ojikeleze intaba-mlilo okanye iindawo ezingasentla zecone yentaba-mlilo.

Umzekelo wamathafa aphesheya kwezwekazi

1. Iinduli zeAndean. Ime kwimpuma yeentaba zeAndes eMzantsi Melika ngaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-3000 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle.
2. Ithafa laseConococha. Ime emazantsi engingqi ye-Ancash ePeru kwiimitha ezingama-4000 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle.
3. IPajonal enkulu. Ime ePeru, ngaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-3000 ngaphezulu komgangatho wolwandle.
4. Marcahuasi. Ime kwiiNtaba zeAndes, kwimpuma yeLima, ePeru. Oku kunokuphakama kweemitha ezingama-4000 ngaphezulu komgangatho wolwandle.
5. Ithafa elisembindini. Ime eSpain. Inendawo enkulu yommandla woSingasiqithi weIberia.
6. Ithafa lasePiedmont. Yithafa eliphantsi elifumaneka kwimpuma yeUnited States.
7. IRocco Plateau. Ime eOstreliya kwaye yaziwa njengeyona ndawo ityebe kakhulu emhlabeni.
8. Ithafa lasePayunia. Ime eArgentina, kwiphondo laseMendoza kwiimitha ezingama-2200 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle.
9. Itheyibhile yeZiko okanye iTafile ePhakathi. Ime kwingingqi esembindini waseMexico. Inamathafa aqala kwi-1700 ukuya kwi-2300 yeemitha ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle.
10. IPuna de Atacama. Ifumaneka emantla eArgentina naseChile ngaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-4000 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle.
11. Ithafa leCundiboyacense. Ime kwimiqolo yeentaba ezisempuma yeAndes yaseColombia.
12. Ithafa lasePatagonian. Ime emazantsi amakhulu ezwekazi laseMelika kwindawo yaseArgentina, ngaphantsi kweemitha ezingama-2000 ukuphakama.
13. Umthambo ongumTopiya. Ifumaneka kumantla mpuma e-Afrika e-Ethiopia, e-Eritrea nase-Somalia ngaphezulu kwe-1500 yeemitha ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle.
14. I-Colorado Plateau. Ime emazantsi-ntshona eMelika.
15. IDeccan Plateau. Ime emazantsi embindini weIndiya.
16. I-Ozark Plateau. Ime kwi-midwest ye-United States enobude obuphezulu beemitha ezingama-780 ngaphezulu komgangatho wolwandle.
17. Ithafa labathunywa bevangeli. Ime kwiphondo laseMisiones, kumantla mpuma eArgentina.
18. IAtherton Plateau. Inxalenye yoLwahlulo oluKhulu eQueensland, e-Australia ngaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-600 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle.

Imizekelo yamathafa aselwandle

1. IAgulhas Plateau. Ime kuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya olusentshona emazantsi oMzantsi Afrika.
2. I-Burdwood Bank okanye i-Namuncurá Bank. Ime kwi-200 km emazantsi eeFalkland Islands kunye ne-600 km ukusuka eCape Horn kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantic.
3. Ithafa leCaribbean laseColombia. Ime kwiCaribbean.
4. I-Exmouth Plateau. Ime kuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya.
5. IHikurangi Plateau. Ime kuMazantsi mpuma oLwandlekazi lwePasifiki.
6. I-Kerguelen Plateau. Ime kuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya.
7. Manihiki Plateau. Ime kuMazantsi mpuma oLwandlekazi lwePasifiki.
8. Ithafa laseMascareña. Ime kuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya kwimpuma yeMadagascar.
9. IPlateau Naturaliste. Ime kuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya kwintshona yeOstreliya.
10. I-Ontong Java Plateau. Ime kuMazantsi mpuma oLwandlekazi lwePasifiki kwimpuma yeSolomon Islands.
11. Ithafa laseYermak. Ime kwi-Arctic Ocean.
12. Ukuphakama kweShatsky. Ime kuMantla oLwandlekazi lwePasifiki kwimpuma yeJapan.

• Eminye imizekelo kwi: Iintaba, amathafa kunye namathafa