Umxholo
Inkqubo ye- horticulture Yinzululwazi ekhathalela yonke into enxulumene nemifuno. Olu luhlu lusuka kwitekhnoloji efunekayo yokuhlwayela, ukukhathalela, ukuvuna, ukuhambisa, amaxabiso kunye nokusetyenziswa okulandelayo.
Ukusuka kwindawo engqongqo yokujonga igama "horticulture”Uchazwa njengomhlaba apho kulinywa khona imifuno okanye izityalo. Lo mhlaba unokuba banzi (oko kukuthi, unamakhulu eehektare) okanye ube neemitha nje ezimbalwa.
Inkqubo ye- horticulture Yiyo yonke into ebhekisa kukhathalelo lwemifuno ngaphandle komzuzu wenkqubo ekuyo.
Abalimi bezityalo
Abalimi bezolimo ngabantu abo banoxanduva lokwenza uphuculo oluyimfuneko ukuze izityalo zibe nenzuzo enkulu. Ukulungiselela le njongo, izichumisi ezikhethekileyo, i-fumigators (ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwezinambuzane kunye nezinambuzane ezonakalisa ukulima), iintlobo zokunkcenkceshela igadi, iimeko zemozulu ezifanelekileyo, njl.
Ukunyanzeliswa kwemfuza
Kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo ubuqhetseba bemfuza njengesixhobo esisisiseko sokuxhasa ukukhula kwezityalo kwaye banako ukumelana nezitshabalalisi kunye nezifo ezihlala zisitya ekutyalweni kwalo naluphi na uhlobo.
Iindidi zokulima
Kukho umbutho olawula yonke into enxulumene nokulima. Lo mbutho ubizwa Umbutho wamanye amazwe kwiiNzululwazi zeHorticultural (SICH). Olu luntu lizimisele ukuba, ngaphakathi kwezolimo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokulima izilwanyana zinokwahlulwa:
- Uhlobo lweentyatyambo. Inxalenye yokulima ejongene neentyatyambo kunye nezityalo ezityalwe ngenjongo yokuhombisa. Oko kukuthi, ukuthengiswa kwayo kwii-nursery kusetyenziselwa ukuhombisa ngaphakathi ngaphakathi nasegadini okanye kwiipaki.
- Icandelo lezolimo. Yindawo ekulimo lwezolimo elawula imifuno nokuba ziingcambu, izilimo eziyizigaxa, amagqabi okanye iziqhamo.
- ISIQHAMO. Yindawo ephethe iziqhamo.
- Iintlobo ezinamakha kunye nezamayeza. Yeyona mimandla inoxanduva lokuvelisa kunye nokuthengisa iintlobo ezinuka kamnandi ezifana nerosemary, i-lavender, ingca yelamuni, njl.
Iimpawu zezityalo zokulima
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo zezityalo, izityalo ezilinywayo zineempawu ezithile ezahlulahlula ezinye:
- Ziqulathe ipesenti ephezulu yamanzi (phakathi kwama-90 nama-95%)
- Ngokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwephesha, kujongwe ukuba ithuba lokutyala ixesha lokuvuna lifutshane kwaye lifutshane ukuze wandise ukusetyenziswa. Ngapha koko, eli nqaku lixhomekeke kuhlobo ngalunye lwemifuno kunye nexesha lokukhula ngaphambi kokuvuna.
- Abayidingi indawo enkulu yomhlaba (nangona ibanzi kakhulu, kokukhona banokuhlwayelwa).
Ukwahlulahlulwa kwezityalo ezilinyiweyo
- Ngobungqongqo bezenzululwazi. Olu luhlu luthathela ingqalelo imo morphological, systematic kunye nemiba yomzimba ethe ngqo kwisityalo ngasinye.
- Ngocwangco olusebenzayo. Injongo apha kukwenza kangangoko isivuno ngasinye.
- Uhlobo lwebhayoloji. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo indawo okanye indawo yokuhlwayela izityalo. Umzekelo, uhlobo lwemozulu, isixa semvula, utshintsho lwemozulu, njl.
Olunye udidi olunokubakho lwezityalo ezilinyiweyo lusekwe kubunzulu obunikwe ngu ulwandiso lweengcambu. Olu lwandiso aluthatheli ngqalelo kuphela uhlobo lwemifuno kodwa luhlobo lomhlaba okoko, amaxesha amaninzi uhlobo lomhlaba oludongwe kakhulu luthintela ingcambu ekukhuleni kakhulu.
Ngokweli candelo imifuno inokwahlulwa ibe ngamaqela amakhulu amathathu:
Iingcambu ezingaphezulu (phakathi kwama-45 nama-60 cm). Oku kubandakanya:
- Igalikhi
- Isileri
- Ibrokholi
- Itswele
- Icauliflower
- Endive
- Ispinatshi
- Ilethasi
- Umbona
- Utata
- Iparsley
- Vuza
- Radish
Iingcambu ezinzulu ngokuphakathi (I-90 ukuya kwi-120 cm). Oku kubandakanya:
- Chard
- Vetch
- Isityalo seqanda
- Icantaloupe
- Itheniphu
- Netyhukhamba
- Ipelepele
- Iimbotyi
- Beetroot
- Iminqatha
- Isikwashi kwangoko
Iingcambu ezinzulu (ngaphezulu kwe-120 cm). Oku kubandakanya:
- I-artichoke
- Izambane eliswiti
- I-asparagus
- IStingray
- Iibhotolo zebhotolo
- Ujodo
- Itumato
- Isikwashi emva kwexesha
Imifuno ehlala iminyaka emi-3 okanye emi-4
- IAlcaucil Asparagus
- I-Watercress evela kumthombo waseFrutilla
- Oregano Thistle
- Chive
Imifuno yonyaka ethi xhathisa iqabaka
- I-Radicheta Turnip Chard
- Ibhontshisi ye-anyanisi ebanzi
- Iseleri Marjoram Beetroot
- Ipea ikholifulawa iLeek
- Ikhaphetshu yeSpinatshi
- Endive Parsley Salsify
- Fennel Radish Iminqathe
- Ilethasi
Imifuno yonyaka zibuthathaka kwindawo ezibandayo okanye ezinomkhenkce
- Iimbotyi zeBasil Melon
- Iitapile ezimnandi iOkra Watermelon
- Iitapile zeetapile zeqanda
- Ithanga Ispinatshi
- Umbona
- Zelandia Pepper Zucchini
