Umxholo
- Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo: umbala kunye nephunga
- Wenziwe ngantoni umchamo?
- Wenziwa njani umchamo?
- Uhlalutyo lomchamo
Inkqubo ye-umchamo Lulwelo oluqulathe amanzi nezinto ezahlulwe ngumzimba, kwaye inemisebenzi enxulumene nokususwa kwezinto ezingafunekiyo zomzimba, okanye ezinxulumene nolawulo lwe-electrolyte, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye ne-acid-base balance. Umchamo ufihlwa zizintso, ugcinwe kwisinyi, kwaye upheliswe ngexesha lokuchama..
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo: umbala kunye nephunga
Phakathi kwezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kumchamo yile umbala, inxulunyaniswa nomthamo wamanzi akhoyo kuyo: ngelixa umzimba othe amanzi amaninzi uya kuba nomchamo ongafihlisiyo, kwimizimba enamanzi amaninzi kuxhaphakile ukuba izintso zigcine amanzi emzimbeni, nto leyo ibangela ukuba umchamo ube nombala tyheli omelele ngakumbi.
Ekugqibeleni umchamo unokuba nombala we-atypical, onokuthi ubangelwe yimicimbi enobungozi (njengokutya kokutya okunemibala) okanye ngenxa yezifo zenkqubo. Xa kuyinto eqhelekileyo umchamo awunayo ivumba, kodwa kumaxesha athile inokuba nevumba elingaqhelekanga: njengombala, inokubangelwa yimicimbi enobungozi okanye encinci, okanye kwizifo ezingaphezulu okanye ezingaphantsi.
Wenziwe ngantoni umchamo?
Umzimba uhlala ususa malunga nelitha enesiqingatha somchamo ngosuku. Eli nani, nangona kunjalo, lichazwa ngcono xa ujonga ukwenziwa komchamo:
I-95% yomchamo yenziwe ngamanzi, ngelixa i-2% yenziwe ngeetyuwa zamaminerali (Njengama-chloride, i-phosphates, i-sulfates, i-ammonia salts) kunye ne-3% yezinto eziphilayo (urea, uric acid, hippuric acid, creatinine). Umchamo ngomnye wemithombo emibini ephambili yokulahleka kwamanzi emzimbeni, kunye nokubila.
Wenziwa njani umchamo?
Ukuqulunqwa komchamo yinkqubo equlethwe ngamanqanaba amathathu:
- Ukucoca: Igazi elithuthwa yi-arteriole echaphazelekayo lifikelela kwi-glomerulus, kwaye i-plasma solutes idlula kwii-capillaries ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu. Ngaphakathi kwiglomerulus, inkunkuma ye-metabolic iyahluzwa, kunye nezondlo ezincinci eziza kulahlwa: ukuhamba kobuninzi bamanzi kubangela ukwenziwa kolwelo, olubizwa ngokuba yi-glomerular filtrate.
- Ukubuyiselwa kwakhona kweTubularUlwelo oluhluziweyo luqhubela phambili kwiityhubhu zezintso, kwaye apho ezinye zezinto ziphinde zabuyiselwa kwakhona kwaye zafakwa egazini kwakhona. Ezinye zezinto ezibuyiselwe emanzini ngamanzi, isodiyam, iswekile, iphosphate, i-potassium, iiamino acid kunye necalcium.
- Ukukhutshwa kweTubularUkusuka kwi-plasma yegazi ukuya kwindawo echama kuyo, uninzi lwezinto zegazi zithuthwa, ngelixa izinto zenkunkuma ziveliswa ukusuka kwii-capillaries ze-tubular ukuya kwi-lumen ye-tubule, kwindawo ekude.
Xa sele yenziwe, ulwelo lufikelela kwityhubhu yokuqokelela apho ekuphela kwento enokufaka kuyo ngamanzi amancinci, ngenxa yoko ayithathwa njengenye inqanaba lokwakheka. Nangona kunjalo, yindawo apho ulwelo lufumana khona igama lomchamo, kwaye luthuthelwe kwisinyi lomchamo, apho luya kugcinwa de kube kukho umchamo.
Uhlalutyo lomchamo
Ngenxa yeempawu zomchamo yile Uhlalutyo olunokwenziwa ngokwenziwa kwayo luncedo kakhulu- Ngesiqwenga sephepha, uvavanyo lunokwenziwa ngokukhawuleza oluya kubonisa ukuba ngaba kukho naziphi na iimveliso ezingaqhelekanga kumchamo, ezona zixhaphakileyo kuzo siswekile, iprotein okanye igazi.
Izifo ezinje nge ukudumba kwamalungu, isifo sentliziyo, okanye ngokwahlukileyo usulelo lomchamo okanye lwezintso Banokufunyanwa ngolu hlobo lohlalutyo, olunokusebenza kokufumanisa ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza athile apheliswa ngomchamo.
