Umxholo
Iseti yokubizwa ngokuba zezeNtlalo Yenziwe luthotho lwamacandelo awenzileyo, ngokwembono yesayensi okanye ngokwenzululwazi kangangoko, i ukufundwa kwamaqela abantu kunye nobudlelwane babo bezinto kunye nokungabonakali kuluntu. Injongo yayo kukufumanisa imithetho yezentlalo ehambelana namaziko ahlukeneyo kunye nemibutho yabantu, esekwe kulwazi lwe umntu ngamnye kunye nokuziphatha okuhlangeneyo.
Ngokunikwa iingxaki zabo ezizodwa zendlela, olu seto lwezifundo lubalasele, kulungelelwaniso lwamacandelo olwazi, ukusuka kwi isayensi esesikweni okanye yendalo, linoxanduva lokufunda imithetho elawula indalo (enje ngezibalo, ifiziksi, ikhemistri, njl.njl.
Nangona benqwenela ubume besayensi epheleleyo, iiSayensi zeNtlalo ukubandakanya ingxoxo kunye nengxoxo yengxoxo, ke kukho ingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga nokuba zeziphi iiSayensi zeNtlalo kwanokuba yintoni kanye kanye eyi inzululwazi, okanye zeziphi iimfuno ekufuneka ukuba icandelo lolwazi liqwalaselwe ngoluhlobo.
Inyani yile yokuba isifundo sokuziphatha komntu asihambelani nendlela kunye nemigaqo yokulinganisa indlela yokuziphatha komntu. isayensi yendalo Kwaye bafuna inkqubo yabo yovavanyo kunye nokuqonda.
Bona kwakho: Imizekelo yeSayensi neThekhinoloji
Iindidi zezeNzululwazi
Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, iiSayensi zeNtlalo zinokuhlelwa ngokwendawo yomdla, eyile:
- IiNzululwazi ezinxulumene nokunxibelelana kwezentlalo. Ummandla wakhe onomdla owenziwe lulwalamano olwenzeka ngaphakathi naphakathi koluntu.
- IiSayensi ezinxulumene nenkqubo yokuqonda yomntu. Bafunda iindlela zonxibelelwano, zokufunda, ezentlalo kunye nolwakhiwo lomntu lwengcinga. Kwamanye amazwe zithathwa njengenxalenye yentsimi yobuntu, endaweni yoko.
- IiNzululwazi ezinxulumene nokuvela kwendalo. Bajonge iipateni kunye neendlela ezikhoyo kwimbali yoluntu kwaye bagcina irekhodi yeendlela kunye notyekelo lomgaqo-siseko wabo.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho luhlu lungathandabuzekiyo nolungenakuphikiswa lweeSayensi zezeNtlalo, kodwa kunoko iseti yolwazi olunokuthi lube nakho ukuhlengahlengisa nakwingxoxo rhoqo.
Bona kwakho: Ziziphi iiNzululwazi zeNyani?
Imizekelo kwiiSayensi zeNtlalo
Kuhlobo lokuqala:
- I-Anthropology. Uqeqesho olunqwenela ukufunda umntu ngokombono wokudityaniswa, kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezinomsebenzi kuzo zombini iiSayensi zeNtlalo nezeNdalo.
- Ilayibrari (kunye neNzululwazi yeThala leencwadi). Ikwabizwa ngokuba ziiSayensi zoLwazi, kucetyiswa ukuba kufundwe iindlela zokufayilisha nokuhlela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezibhaliweyo, hayi iincwadi kunye neemagazini kuphela.
- Kunene. Inzululwazi ikhuthaze ukufundwa kweendlela zoku-odola kunye nenkqubo yezomthetho emisela indlela yokuziphatha elawulwa yimimandla eyahlukeneyo.
- Uqoqosho. Ukufundwa kweendlela zolawulo, ukuhanjiswa, ukutshintshiselana kunye nokusetyenziswa kwempahla kunye nokwoneliseka kweemfuno zabantu ezivela kuseto lwezinto.
- Imvelaphi. Uqeqesho olunikezelwe kufundo olucwangcisiweyo lweenkcubeko kunye namaqela ahlukeneyo entlalontle, athathelwa ingqalelo kwiimeko ezininzi njengesebe lezentlalo yoluntu okanye i-anthropology yenkcubeko. Ikwaqwalaselwa kwakhona njengendlela yophando ye-ethnology.
- I-Ethnology. Ikwazinikezelwe kufundisiso lwabantu kunye neentlanga zabantu, kodwa iseka ubudlelwane bokuthelekisa phakathi koluntu lwanamhlanje nolwamandulo.
- Yezentlalo. Inzululwazi izinikele kufundisiso lobume kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza kwemibutho yoluntu eyahlukeneyo, ihlala iwajonga kwimeko yawo ethile yezembali nenkcubeko.
- Ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yisayensi yolwaphulo-mthetho, inikezelwe kuphononongo lweendlela zokuziphatha ezinxulumene nolwaphulo-mthetho nolwaphulo-mthetho, oko kukuthi, ukuqhekeka kwesakhelo somthetho woluntu olunikiweyo.
- Ezopolitiko. Ngamanye amaxesha kubhekiswa kuyo njengeNzululwazi yezoPolitiko okanye iTheyori yezoPolitiko, sisayensi yezentlalo efunda iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zikarhulumente kunye nemithetho yabantu, kokubini kwakudala nakule mihla.
Uhlobo lwesibini:
- Iilwimi. Kumazwe amaninzi athathelwa ingqalelo isayensi yobuntu okanye icandelo loluntu, luluqeqesho olunikezelwe kufundo kunye nokuqonda kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zonxibelelwano lwabantu: kokubini ngamazwi nangaphandle kokuthetha.
- Psychology. Inzululwazi izinikele kufundo lokuziphatha komntu kunye nomgaqo-siseko weengqondo, zombini ngokwembono zayo zentlalo kunye noluntu, kunye nokuzimela kunye nokuzivelela. Uninzi lwezixhobo zalo zivela kwiyeza.
- Imfundo. Ukhuphelo kufundo lweendlela zokufumana ulwazi kunye neendlela okanye amaziko alo aphuhliswe ngumntu.
Uhlobo lwesithathu:
- Izinto zakudala. Ijolise ekufundeni ngokucwangcisiweyo iinguqu ezenzekileyo ekuhlaleni, ngokusekwe kwimathiriyeli esele igcinwe kubo.
- Idemokhrasi. Inzululwazi enjongo yayo ikukuqonda kweenkcukacha-manani zezinto ezenziwayo kunye namandla ezihambelana noluntu, kubandakanya neenkqubo zokwakheka, zolondolozo kunye nokunyamalala.
- Indalo yoluntu. Uqeqesho olufunda ubudlelwane bendalo kunye noluntu phakathi koluntu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ihlala ithathwa njengesebe lezeNtlalontle.
- IJografi. Inzululwazi ejongene nokubonakaliswa komzobo wobuso bomhlaba, kunye nenkcazo yomntu, indalo kunye nemixholo yebhayoloji. Inikezelwe kuphando lobudlelwane bokwenyani okanye bokucinga obukhoyo phakathi kwemimandla eyahlukeneyo apho umhlaba wahlulwe khona. Uhlala ebanjwe ngabantu, naye.
- Imbali. Kukho impikiswano yangoku ngokubhekisele kwinto okanye engeyoMbali kwiiSayensi zeNtlalo. Ngayiphi na imeko, lijongana nesifundo ngexesha loluntu kunye neendlela zabo zokunxibelelana, iinkqubo zabo kunye neziganeko ezazibonakalisa.
Ingakukhonza: Imizekelo yeSayensi yeNdalo kubomi bemihla ngemihla
