Ukwazi imizekelo yomlandisi - I-Encyclopedia

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Umxholo

Iindidi zombalisi
Iimpawu zombali osazi yonke into
Imizekelo yamabali amabali azi yonke into

Inkqubo ye- umbalisi owaziyo yonke into ngulowo ubalisa esazi ngokupheleleyo yonke into eyenzekayo: iintshukumo, iingcinga kunye nezizathu zabalinganiswa.

Ngokuba nalo lonke olu lwazi, umbalisi owazi yonke into akayonxalenye yebali, oko kukuthi, akangomlinganiswa.

Ingakukhonza: Umbalisi wokuqala, owesibini nowesithathu

Iindidi zombalisi

Ukongeza kumbali owazi yonke into, zintathu iindidi zombalisi, kuxhomekeke kwimbono ayithathayo:

Umjongi. Ngumlandisi womntu wesithathu obalisa kuphela into enokubonwa. Awazi iingcinga okanye iimvakalelo zabalinganiswa ngaphaya kwento abayithethayo.
Umkhuseli. Umlinganiswa ophambili weziganeko ubalisa ibali lakhe. Uhlala ebalisa umntu wokuqala kuba uthetha ngaye. Nangona kunjalo, usebenzisa umntu wesithathu njengoko enokubalisa ngeziganeko ezenzeka macala onke kuye. Umbalisi ophambili akazi ukuba abanye abalinganiswa bacinga ntoni okanye baziva njani.
Ingqina. Umbalisi - umlinganiswa eziziisekondari, ngubani na ukwenza isenzo engundoqo. Ulwazi lwakhe lolomntu obandakanyekayo kwezi ziganeko, kodwa njengengqina lesibini.

Iimpawu zombali osazi yonke into

Sebenzisa umntu wesithathu.
Uveza kunye nezimvo ngezenzo zabalinganiswa kunye neziganeko ezenzeka macala onke kubo.
Iingcinga zeakhawunti, iinkumbulo, iinjongo kunye neemvakalelo zabalinganiswa.
Kwezinye iimeko kulindeleke ukuba kwenzeke ntoni kwixesha elizayo.
Funda malunga nexesha elidlulileyo leendawo kunye nabalinganiswa.

Imizekelo yamabali amabali azi yonke into

“Ukufowuna", URoberto Bolaños

Ngobunye ubusuku xa engenanto yokwenza, u-B ulawula, emva kweefowuni ezimbini, ukunxibelelana no-X. Akukho namnye kubo omncinci kwaye oko kubonisa ngamazwi abo anqumla iSpain ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye. Ubuhlobo baphinda bazalwa kwaye emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa bathatha isigqibo sokudibana kwakhona. Omabini la maqela atsala uqhawulo-mtshato, ukugula okutsha, unxunguphalo.

Xa uB ehamba ngololiwe esiya edolophini iX, akakathandani. Ngosuku lokuqala abalichitha bevaleleke endlwini ka-X, bethetha ngobomi babo (eneneni ngu-X lowo uthethayo, uB uyamamela kwaye ubuza amaxesha ngamaxesha); ebusuku u-X uyammema ukuba abelane naye ebhedini yakhe. Ubunzulu obunzulu awuziboni ngathi ulele no-X, kodwa uyayamkela. Ngentsasa, xa evuka, uB usemathandweni kwakhona.

“Ibhola encinci”UGuy de Maupassant

Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, kwaye uloyiko lokuqala lwaphela, ukuzola kwabuyiselwa. Kwizindlu ezininzi igosa lasePrussia lahlala kunye netafile yosapho. Abanye, ngenxa yesidima okanye iimvakalelo ezibuthathaka, baziva benosizi ngamaFrentshi kwaye babhengeza ukuba bayathandabuza ukunyanzelwa ukuba bathathe inxaxheba emfazweni. Babulelwe ngale miboniso yoxabiso, becinga nokuba ukukhuselwa kwabo kuya kuba yimfuneko ngaxa lithile. Ngokudumisa, mhlawumbi baya kuthintela ukuphazamiseka kunye neendleko zokuhlala ezininzi.

Yintoni eyayinokukhokelela ekwenzakaliseni abo banamandla, ababexhomekeke kubo? Wayengakhathali ngaphezu kokuthanda izwe. Kwaye ukungakhathali ayisosiphoso soohlohlesakhe baseRouen, njengoko bekunjalo ngezo mini zokhuselo lobuqhawe, olwaluzukisa lukhazimlisa isixeko. Kwaqiqwa-ukuyifihla kwishishini laseFrance- ukuba ayinakugwetywa njengehlazo lokunyamekela ekhaya, ngelixa esidlangalaleni umntu ngamnye ebonisa ukungathobeli ijoni lasemzini. Esitratweni, ngokungathi abazani; Kodwa ekhaya kwahluke kakhulu, kwaye bamphatha ngendlela yokuba bagcine isiJamani sabo sokuhlanganisana ekhaya, njengentsapho, busuku ngabunye.

“Isidlo”UJulio Ramón Ribeyro

Le yayiyiholide, waphuma kunye nenkosikazi yakhe baya kwi-balcony eyokucinga ngegadi yakhe ekhanyisiweyo kwaye avale olo suku lingalibalekiyo ngephupha elinobukroti. Imbonakalo yomhlaba, nangona kunjalo, yayibonakala ngathi ilahlekelwe ziipropathi zayo ezibuthathaka, kuba naphina apho abeka khona amehlo, uDon Fernando wazibona, wazibona enxibe ibhatyi, engqeleni, etshaya iisiga, enomhombiso ongasemva apho (njengakwezinye iipowusta zabakhenkethi ) ndabhidanisa izikhumbuzo zezona zixeko zibalulekileyo zibalulekileyo eYurophu. Ngapha koko, ngekona ukuya kwi-chimera yakhe, wabona umzila kaloliwe ubuya ehlathini neenqwelo zawo zithwele igolide. Kwaye kuyo yonke indawo, ehamba kwaye ecacileyo njengesiqhelo senkanuko, wabona umntu obhinqileyo onemilenze yekhokhonathi, umnqwazi wemarquise, amehlo omTahiti kwaye engenanto kwaphela yomfazi wakhe.

Ngomhla wesidlo, abafika kuqala yayingamaqhekeza. Ukusukela ngentsimbi yesihlanu emva kwemini babebekwe ekoneni, bezama ukugcina i-incognito yokuba iminqwazi yabo iyangcatsha, isimilo sabo sokungabikho kwengqondo kwaye ngaphezulu kwayo yonke loo nto imbi yolwaphulo-mthetho abaphandi, abameli bemfihlo kunye nabo bonke abo bahlala befumana imisebenzi efihlakeleyo.

“El Capote", UNicolás Gogol

Umfazi osebenzayo wanikwa ukhetho phakathi kwamagama amathathu: uMokkia, uSossia, kunye nomfeli-nkolo uJosdasat. “Hayi,” watsho lo mfazi egulayo. Anjani amagama ambalwa! Hayi!" Ukuze bamkholise, batyhila uxwebhu lwencwadi, olwalunamagama amathathu, uTrifiliy, uDula noVarajasiy.

"Kodwa konke oku kubonakala njengesohlwayo sokwenene!" Watsho umama. Anjani wona amagama! Andizange ndive into enje! Ukuba kuphela yayinguVaradat okanye uVaruj; kodwa iTrifiliy okanye iVarajasiy!

Bajika elinye iphepha le-almanac kwaye amagama kaPavikajiy kunye neVajticiy afunyanwa.

-Kulungile; Ndiyabona, utshilo umama osele ekhulile, "inokuba esi sisiphelo sakhe. Kulungile ke, kungcono ubizwe ngegama likayihlo. UAkakiy ubizwa ngokuba nguyise; ukuba unyana ukwabizwa ngokuba nguAkakiy.

Kwaye ngoko kwakhiwa igama elithi Akakiy Akakievich. Umntwana wabhaptizwa. Ngexesha lesenzo somthendeleko walila wenza ubuso obunje, ngokungathi wayeziva ukuba uzakuba ngumcebisi. Kwaye kwenzeka njalo izinto. Sizikhankanyile ezi ziganeko ngenjongo yokweyisela umfundi ukuba yonke into kufuneka yenzeke ngale ndlela kwaye ngekhe ibinakho ukuyinika elinye igama.

“Indadi", UJohn Cheever

Kwakungolunye lweeCawa zasehlotyeni zasehlotyeni xa wonke umntu ephindayo, "Ndisele kakhulu phezolo." Kwahlebezwa ngamarhamente xa bephuma ecaweni. Apho iqela eliyintloko Iqela le-Audubon lalisokola ngenxa ye-hangover eyoyikisayo.

Ndasela kakhulu, utshilo uDonald Westerhazy.
"Sonke sasela kakhulu," utshilo uLucinda Merrill.
"Inokuba yile wayini," ucacisile uHelen Westerhazy. Ndisele i-claret kakhulu.

Iseti yale ncoko yokugqibela ibingumda weWesterhazy echibini, elinamanzi, avela equleni lobugcisa elinepesenti ephezulu yentsimbi, ebenombala oluhlaza othambileyo. Imozulu yayintle kakhulu.