Umxholo
Inkqubo ye- ingca (ekwabizwa ngokuba yiPoaceae) zizityalo ezinobungozi (kunye nezinye ezinobunzima) ezizezomyalelo we-monocot. Zingaphezulu kwamawaka alishumi elinambini iintlobo zengca phantse kuzo zonke iindawo zehlabathi.
Zimbini iintlobo zengca, ngokomjikelo wobomi bazo:
- Ingca yonyaka. Banomjikelo kwaye bazala kanye ngonyaka. Umzekelo: ingqolowa, ihabile.
- Ingca engapheliyo. Bazala ngaphezu kwesinye ngonyaka. Umzekelo: ingca, uqalo.
Ukubaluleka nokusetyenziswa kwengca
Uninzi lwengca lusetyenziselwa ukwenza iimveliso ezinjenge-flours kuba uninzi ziicereal (irhasi, irayisi, ingqolowa, phakathi kwezinye ezininzi).
Ezinye zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ipapier-mâché, ziyisebenzisela isiqu okanye umququ. Ukongeza, ukwenziwa kweentambo ezineziqu kunye namagqabi engca kuhlala kuyinto eqhelekileyo.
Imizekelo yengca
- Iintaka
- Ilayisi
- Oatmeal
- Uqalo
- Umdiza weswekile
- Irhasi
- Rye
- IFalaris (uPhalaris Tuberosa)
- Ukuhlangulwa ngamandla
- Umbona (Zea Mais)
- Unyana
- Ingca yebhola (iDactylis Glomerata)
- Amadlelo
- Amazimba
- Ingqolowa
Iziqu
Iziqu ze ingca Zikwabizwa ngokuba ziingcongolo kuba ziyindilinga kunye ne-elliptical. Zinamaqhina obungqingqwa obomeleleyo kwaye phakathi kwala maqhina, imisimelelo ayizali, ebavumela ukuba babe bhetyebhetye ngokwaneleyo ukuba bakhule kwiindawo ezinomoya. Kananjalo, iziqu zengca zinokuba:
Iziqu zasemoyeni:
- Iziqu ezinyukayo. Ziyenyuka kwaye zithe nkqo kwaye zinee-internode ezimfutshane kufutshane nesiseko kwaye zibanzi ngokubanzi zibheke phezulu.
- Iziqu ezirhubuluzayo. Zizikhondo ezingaphakami ngokuthe nkqo kodwa zenza njalo kumgangatho womhlaba.
- Iziqu ezidadayo. Zizityalo ezirhabaxa ezikhula emanzini zize zidade ngenxa yentsika yengca.
Iziqu zangaphantsi:
- IiRhizomes. Zizikhondo ezingaphantsi komhlaba ezikhupha (ngokukhula okuthe tye) iingcambu okanye amahlumela avela kwiindawo zawo.
- Ipseudobulbs. Zizikhondo ezixineneyo kwii-internode kwaye zinqabile phakathi ingca (Umzekelo wale nkqutyana yiPhalaris tuberosa okanye iintaka.
Amagqabi
Amagqabi we ingca Zenziwe ngamacandelo amathathu:
- Isingxobo. Igquma isiqu ize idibane nayo.
- Ligule. Inwebu okanye iqela leenwele phakathi kwegqabi lamagqabi kunye nepetiole. (kwezinye iintlobo isenokungabikho).
- Igqabi legqabi. Iphepha eligubungela uninzi lwamagqabi engca.
Iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo
Banesakhiwo esibizwa ngokuba yi-inflorescence, okt iintyatyambo zibekwe ekupheleni kwesiqu. Ukongeza, iintyatyambo zengca zinokuba ze-unisexual okanye i-hermaphroditic. Iziqhamo zengca zinokuba yimbewu (uninzi lwengca lunembewu njengesiqhamo sayo), amandongomane, okanye ii-caryopses.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ingca ivelisa umungu obonakalayo ohanjiswa ngumoya. Ke ngoko, ingca enokuvelisa ngokwesondo, imbewu iyasasazeka ngenxa yomoya.
