Umxholo
Inkqubo ye- Intshayelelo Sisicatshulwa esandulela umsebenzi obhalwayo kwaye sinika umfundi izinto ezimbini: intshayelelo kunye nendlela yokuqala yokuqulathiweyo, kunye nomboniso wombhali wayo. Umzekelo, intshayelelo ka-Umberto Eco ku 1984 (inoveli ebhalwe nguGeorge Orwell ngo-1949).
Iiprologue zinetoni yesincoko-ayizizo ntsomi- kwaye ukudityaniswa kwazo akunyanzelekanga. Banokwandiswa okungaphezulu okanye okuncinci kwaye umbhali wabo, ngokubanzi, akahambelani nalowo womsebenzi. Isandulela ihlala ingumntu owaziyo umxholo ekubhekiswa kuwo kwitekisi okanye umbhali wayo. Ke, inika ulwazi olongezelelekileyo kumfundi oluphucula amava abo okufunda okanye ebavumela ukuba baqonde imeko apho yenziwa yapapashwa khona. Nangona ngamanye amaxesha, inokuba ngumbhali womsebenzi ngokwakhe obhala intshayelelo.
Umsebenzi ofanayo obhaliweyo unokuba ngaphezulu kwesingeniso esinye kuhlelo olunye. Ezi prologues zinokuba zezandulela ezahlukeneyo. Xa oku kusenzeka, kuyachazwa ukuba ngowuphi unyaka kwaye luluphi ushicilelo ngalunye oluhambelana.
Nawuphi na umsebenzi obhaliweyo unokuhamba nesandulela. Nokuba zizintsomi, iincwadi zemibongo okanye amabali, iinoveli, imidlalo, izincoko, iithisisi, iincwadi zemfundo, izifundo zesayensi, ukudityaniswa kwemibhalo okanye iileta, iincwadi zeempendulo zefilimu.
- Qaphela kwakhona: Isicatshulwa soncwadi
Izinto zentshayelelo
- Ubalo maxesha. Ingabandakanya umgca wexesha kumxholo womsebenzi okanye kubomi nomsebenzi wombhali.
- Iingcaphuno zamagama. Ihlala ibandakanya amaqhekeza athathwe kumsebenzi wesandulela, ukunika ubunzima obukhulu kwiingxoxo zentshayelelo.
- Uvavanyo lomntu. Intshayelelo ibandakanya ukugweba, izimvo okanye ukugweba malunga nomsebenzi wokuqala.
- Ukuqwalaselwa kweqela lesithathu. Ihlala ibandakanya ukuqaphela kunye nezimvo ezenziwe ngabanye ababhali, abagxeki okanye abasemagunyeni malunga nomsebenzi wesandulela.
Ubume prologues
- Intshayelelo. Kubandakanya ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukuqhubela phambili kufundo kunye nokuqonda kwesandulela. Isazi seprologueist sichaze indlela adibana ngayo nombhali, indlela yakhe yokuya emsebenzini, kutheni eyibona ingagqithanga kwaye indlela yakhe yokufumana isicatshulwa.
- Uphuhliso. Iingxoxo ezixhasa ukuxabiseka komsebenzi wentshayelelo zivelisiwe. Ukwenza oku, usebenzisa amagqabantshintshi abanye abantu okanye iikowuti ngokoqobo.
- Ukuvala. Isandulela sifuna ukukhuthaza umfundi ukuba aqalise ukufunda umsebenzi. Ukulungiselela oko, isebenzisa izimvo, imifanekiso, amagqabantshintshi kunye nokuqonda.
Imizekelo yentshayelelo
- Intshayelelo nguJean Paul Sartre ku Ugwetyelwe umhlabanguFrantz Fanon
“Xa uFanon, ngokuchaseneyo, esithi iYurophu isihla iye entshabalalweni, kude nokuphakamisa isilumkiso, uxilonga. Lo gqirha akazenzi okanye amgwebe ngaphandle kokufuna uncedo - eminye imimangaliso ibonwe- okanye ayimniki ndlela yokuphilisa; Ujonga ukuba uyafa, ngaphandle, ngokusekwe kwiimpawu athe wakwazi ukuziqokelela. Ngokumalunga nokunyanga kwakhe, hayi: unezinye izinto ezixhalabisayo; Ayinamsebenzi nokuba iyatshona na okanye iyasinda. Yiyo loo nto incwadi yakhe ihlazo (…) ”.
- Intshayelelo kaJulio Cortázar ukuya Gqibezela amabalinguEdgar Allan Poe
“Unyaka we-1847 wabonisa iPoe ilwa neziporho, ibuyela kwi-opium kunye notywala, incamathele ekumnquleni ngokwasemoyeni uMarie Louise Shew, owayephumelele uthando ngexesha lobunzima baseVirginia. Uye wathi kamva "Iintsimbi" zazalwa ngengxoxo phakathi kwaba babini. Uye wabalisa kwakhona ngeePoe zokukhohlisa ngexesha lasemini, ngebali lakhe lokucinga lokuya eSpain naseFrance, ii-duels zakhe, iihambo zakhe. UNkosikazi Shew uyayithanda ingqondi ka-Edgar kwaye wayihlonipha kakhulu le ndoda. (…) ”.
- Intshayelelo nguErnesto Sábato ukuya Ayisoze, INcwadi yeKhomishini kaZwelonke yokuNyamalala kwaBantu (Conadep)
“Ngosizi, ngentlungu, siwufezile umsebenzi ebesiphathiswe wona nguMongameli woMgaqo-siseko weRiphabhlikhi. Lo msebenzi wawunzima kakhulu, kuba kuye kwafuneka sidibanise iphazili emnyama, emva kweminyaka emininzi yeziganeko, xa yonke imizila isuswe ngabom, onke amaxwebhu atshisiwe kwaye nezakhiwo ziye zadilizwa. Kuye kwafuneka sizinze, ke ngoko, kwizikhalazo zamalungu osapho, kwiingxelo zabo babenako ukuphuma esihogweni kwanakwingqina labacinezeli abathi ngenxa yezizathu ezingacacanga beza kuthi bathethe into abayaziyo (… ) ".
- Intshayelelo nguGabriel García Márquez kuHabla Fide, nguGianni Mina
“Zimbini izinto ezatsala umdla wethu thina babesiqala ukuva uFidel Castro. Enye yazo yayingamandla akhe okweyisela angalunganga. Enye into yayili-fragility yelizwi lakhe. Ilizwi elingqokolayo ebebonakala ngathi liphefumla ngamanye amaxesha. Ugqirha owayemphulaphule wenza isimangalo esimangalisayo malunga nelahleko, kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba ngaphandle kwentetho zaseAmazon ezinje ngala mhla, uFidel Castro wagwetywa ukuba angabinalizwi kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu. Kungekudala emva koko, ngo-Agasti 1962, uqikelelo lwabonakala ngathi lunika umqondiso wokuqala we-alamu, xa wathi cwaka emva kokubhengeza kwintetho ukuba iinkampani zaseMntla Melika zenze ubuzwe. Kodwa ibiyimpazamo yethutyana ebingaphindwa (…) ”.
- Intshayelelo kaMario Vargas Llosa kwimisebenzi epheleleyo kaJulio Cortázar
"Impembelelo ye - IHopscotch xa yavela ngo-1963, kwilizwe elalithetha iSpanish, kwabakho inyikima. Isusile kwiziseko zokugwetywa okanye ukugwetywa ababhali kunye nabafundi ababenako malunga neendlela kunye nokuphela kobugcisa bokubalisa amabali kwaye bandise imida yolo hlobo kwimida engacingekiyo. Enkosi ku IHopscotch Sifunde ukuba ukubhala kwakuyindlela elungileyo yokonwaba, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuphonononga iimfihlelo zehlabathi kunye nolwimi ngelixa unethuba elimnandi, kwaye ukudlala, unokuphanda ngendlela engaqondakaliyo yobomi eyayingavumelekanga kulwazi olusengqiqweni, ubukrelekrele obusengqiqweni, ubunzulu bamava ekungekho mntu unokujonga kuwo ngaphandle kwemingcipheko emikhulu, enjengokufa nobugeza. (…) ”.
Landela ngo:
- Intshayelelo, iqhina kunye nesiphumo
- Imonographs (isicatshulwa esibhaliweyo)
