Imizekelo eli-10 yeSayensi eNzima kunye neSayensi eSoft - I-Encyclopedia

IiNzululwazi eziNzima kunye neeSayensi eziSoft - I-Encyclopedia

Umxholo

Imizekelo yezeNzululwazi
Imizekelo yeSayensi eSoft
Unokukukhonza

Inkqubo ye- inzululwazi Yinkqubo yolwazi efunyenwe ngokujonga nangokwenza ulingelo. Le nkqubo inesakhiwo esidibanisa iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi enye kwenye, ngeendlela ezithile. Kuyo kukho imithetho ngokubanzi ephuhliswe ngendlela enengqiqo kunye nokulinga.

Inkqubo ye- ulwazi lwezenzululwazi Bayakuvumela ukuba uvelise imibuzo kwaye uphuhlise ukuqiqa ukuze uphendule imibuzo. Iimpendulo ezinokubakho kule mibuzo (equlunqwe ngokusengqiqweni) ziyabizwa intelekelelo.

Inzululwazi inendlela ethile yokusombulula ingxaki kunye nolwakhiwo lolwazi olubizwa indlela yesayensi. Kwenzeka kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo:

UkujongaUmnyhadala ujongwa ubangela umbuzo okanye ingxaki
Ukuqulunqwa kwe-HypothesisImpendulo esengqiqweni nenokubakho kuloo mbuzo okanye ingxaki iyaphuhliswa
UvavanyoIkuvumela ukuba ukhangele ukuba i-hypothesis ichanekile na
UhlalutyoIziphumo zovavanyo zihlalutyiweyo ukuqinisekisa okanye ukuyala i-hypothesis kunye nokuseka izigqibo.

Indlela yesayensi ixhomekeke kwiimpawu ezimbini ezisisiseko:

Ukuzaliswa kwakhonaLonke ulingelo lwenzululwazi kufuneka lukwazi ukuveliswa kwakhona ukuqinisekisa iziphumo.
Ukuchaneka kwakhonaZonke izicelo zesayensi kufuneka zenziwe ngendlela enokuthi iphikiswe.

Umahluko phakathi kweenzululwazi ezinzima kunye nezithambileyo ayililo icandelo elisesikweni kodwa usetyenziselwa ukubonisa:

Inzululwazi enzima yezo zisebenzisa indlela yenzululwazi ngezona ziphumo zibukhali nezichanekileyo kunye namathuba okuqinisekisa.

Bayakwazi ukuvelisa uqikelelo.
UvavanyoInjongo yophononongo incedisa ekufezekisweni kovavanyo.
Ezobukhosi: ngokubanzi (kodwa hayi kuzo zonke iimeko) iinzululwazi ezinzima azikho theoretical kodwa zinamandla, oko kukuthi, zisekwe ekuqwalaselweni kweziganeko. Nangona kukho inkolelo exhaphakileyo yokuba kuphela oko kubizwa ngokuba ziinzululwazi ezinzima kunzima, kodwa siza kubona ukuba kunjalo nakwizazinzulu ezithambileyo.
Ubungakanani: Iziphumo zovavanyo azikho mgangathweni nje kuphela kodwa zinobungakanani.
Injongo: Ngenxa yeempawu esele zikhankanyiwe, iisayensi ezinzima zihlala zithathwa njengezinenjongo kunezo zithambileyo.

Iisayensi ezithambileyo zingasebenzisa indlela yesayensi kodwa kwezinye iimeko zifikelela kwizigqibo zethiyori kuphela ngokuqiqa, ngaphandle kokwenza ulingelo olunokwenzeka.

Uqikelelo lwabo aluchanekanga kwaye kwezinye iimeko abanako ukuluvelisa.
Ngelixa zinokubandakanya ulingo, banokufikelela kwizigqibo zethiyori ngaphandle kokwenza uvavanyo.
Zithathwa njengabanamandla amancinci kuba banokufunda izinto ezingenakuphinda ziveliswe phantsi kweemeko zelebhu. Nangona kunjalo, bayazigcina iinyani zekhonkrithi (Oko kukuthi, ziyinyani).
Akunakulinganiswa: iziphumo azinakulinganiswa okanye azibalulekanga kwizinto zazo zobungakanani ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho wazo
Isihloko: isayensi ethambileyo ibonakalisa ungenelelo lwombonisi kwimeko ebonwayo kwaye awukuphiki ukuthobela komphandi. Kungenxa yoko le nto bekholelwa ekubeni bazithobile kunesayensi enzima.

Inkqubo ye- Umahluko phakathi kweenzululwazi ezinzima kunye nezithambileyo Isekwe kwingcinga yokuba uhlobo oluthile lolingo lwesayensi lunokufumana ngokuthe ngqo kwinyaniso kwaye luphephe ukungaqondakali. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku kwenye yesayensi enzima, i-physics, kukho iingxabano okwangoku akunakwenzeka ukuba zisonjululwe, njengokuphikisana phakathi kwe-quantum physics kunye ne-classical physics.

Imizekelo yezeNzululwazi

IMathematikaInzululwazi esesikweni, oko kukuthi, iyangqinisisa ithiyori yayo ngokusekwe kwizindululo, iinkcazo, ii-axiom kunye nemigaqo yesalathiso. Funda iipropathi kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwezinto ezithile ezingaqondakaliyo (amanani, amanani ejiyometri okanye iisimboli) emva kokuqiqa okunengqiqo. Isetyenziswa zizo zonke ezinye iinzululwazi ezinzima.
Ngeenkwenkwezi: Funda izinto kunye neziganeko ezivela ngaphandle komoya woMhlaba, oko kukuthi, iinkwenkwezi, iiplanethi, ii-comets kunye nolwakhiwo olunzima ngakumbi iminyele kunye nendalo yonke. Usebenzisa i-physics kunye ne-chemistry ukuze akwazi ukutolika ukubonwa kwakhe kwezinto ezikude kunye neziganeko.
Ngokwasemzimbeni: Funda indlela yokuziphatha ye- umba, amandla, ixesha kunye nendawo, kunye notshintsho kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kwezi zinto. Ubungakanani bomzimba zezi: amandla (kunye neefom ezahlukeneyo), amandla, ubunzima, ukutshaja kombane, ukungena entropy. Izinto ezibonakalayo zinokuba: umba, amasuntswana, intsimi, iliza, ixesha lesithuba, umjongi, isikhundla.
I-ChemistryUmba wokufunda kokubini kubume, ubume bayo kunye nayo iipropati njengotshintsho olufumanayo. I-Chemistry ithathela ingqalelo ukuba enye into iyajika ibe yenye xa iibhondi zamachiza zitshintsha. Inkqubo ye- iathom sisixhobo esisisiseko (nangona singenakohlulwa) sekhemistri. Iqulethwe yinucleus eyenziwe ngeeproton kunye neetrononi apho iqela le-electron lijikeleza ngeendlela ezithile. I-Chemistry yahlulwe yangamabala chemistry yemvelo (xa ufunda i-chemistry yezinto eziphilayo) kunye ne-inorganic chemistry (xa ufunda i-chemistry yezinto ezingenanto).
ibhayoloji: Funda i izinto eziphilayo kuzo zonke iimpawu zayo, ukusuka kwisondlo sayo, ukuvelisa kwakhona kunye nokuziphatha kwimvelaphi yayo, indaleko kunye nobudlelwane nezinye izidalwa eziphilayo. Ifunda nge-ensembles ezinkulu ezinjengeentlobo, abantu, kunye ne-ecosystems, kodwa kunye neeyunithi ezincinci, ezinjengeeseli kunye nemfuza. Kungenxa yoko le nto ineentlobo ngeentlobo zobungcali.
Iyeza: Funda umzimba womntu ekusebenzeni kwawo okunempilo nakwimeko yezifo (izifo). Ngamanye amagama, ifunda ukusebenzisana kwayo iintsholongwane kunye nezinye izinto ezinokukunceda okanye zikwenzakalise. Yisayensi enxulumene ngqo nokusetyenziswa kwayo kobuchwephesha, oko kukuthi, ukukhuthaza impilo yabantu.

Imizekelo yeSayensi eSoft

Yezentlalo: Funda ngesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza koluntu, kunye nayo nayiphi na into edibeneyo yomntu. Abantu bahlala ngokwamaqela kwaye ubudlelwane obuthile busekiwe phakathi kwabo. Izifundo zentlalo, zihlela kwaye zihlalutye obu budlelwane. Lonke uhlalutyo lusekwe kwiithiyori ezithile kunye neparadigms, ekufuneka ukuba isazinzulu ngokwasentlalweni sichaze xa kunikwa iziphumo zophando lwabo. Iindlela zabo zokufunda zinokuba semgangathweni (izifundo zodliwanondlebe, udliwanondlebe, ukuqaphela, uphando lwentshukumo), ubungakanani (uvavanyo olungenamkhethe, amaphepha emibuzo, uphando kunye nezinye iindlela zokwenza isampulu) okanye ukuthelekisa (ezo zithelekisa izinto ezifanayo ukuze zenze izigqibo ngokubanzi.).
Imbali: Funda ixesha elidlulileyo lobuntu. Yisayensi etolikayo eseka ubudlelwane phakathi kweenyani ezahlukeneyo, abadlali kunye neemeko. Kuba ebhekisa kwiziganeko ezidlulileyo, akanako ukuxhasa iingcinga zakhe kulingo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthanda kwakhe izinto kusekwe kubungqina abusebenzisayo ukuthethelela obu budlelwane, kunye nengqiqo yokuqiqa kwakhe.
I-Anthropology: Funda ngomntu ukusuka kwiikhrayitheriya zesayensi ethambileyo (enje ngesayensi yezentlalo kunye nesayikholoji) kunye nesayensi enzima (enjengebhayoloji). Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunqongophala kokulinga, ithathwa njengesayensi ethambileyo. Funda iindlela zokuziphatha ezisisiseko zabantu, ujonge iimpawu ezifanayo phakathi kwezahlukeneyo iinkcubeko.
Psychology: Funda ngokuziphatha komntu kunye neenkqubo zengqondo zabantu kunye namaqela abantu. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zengqondo ezibonisa ukungqubana kwengqondo malunga nokusebenza kwengqondo yomntu. Ngesi sizathu, uphando lwezenzululwazi kwisayensi yezengqondo kufuneka luhlale lusenza ngokucacileyo iithiyori kunye nokucingela apho kusekelwa khona iingcinga kunye nokutolika kokubona.