Umxholo
- Ukuveliswa kweseli kwakhona
- Iiseli zeprokaryotic kunye ne-eukaryotic
- Imizekelo yezinto eziphilayo ezininzi
Inkqubo ye- izinto eziphilayo (izinto eziphilayo), kuxhomekeke kwinani leeseli ezizenzileyo, zinokuqwalaselwa unicellular (ukuba zineseli enye) okanye ezininzi (okanye ezininzi, ezenziwa ziiseli ezimbini okanye ezingaphezulu).
Inkqubo ye- iiseli zithathwa njengezona yunithi zincinci zobomi. Zizo zombini iiyunithi kwimo morphological kunye nokusebenza. Ziyunithi ze-morphological kuba zijikelezwe yimvulophu, ebizwa ngokuba yiseli okanye i-membrane yecytoplasmic.
Ukwengeza, iiseli ziiyunithi ezisebenzayo kuba zenza inkqubo ye-biochemical complex. Kananjalo, banesakhono sokondla kunye nokugcina imetabolism yabo, ukukhula kunye nokuphindaphindeka kwizinto zemvelo eziqulethwe kwi-nucleus, ukwahlula (ukuphuhlisa iimpawu ezithile ezahlukileyo kwezo zezinye iiseli), kunye nokuguquka.
Zonke iimpawu zeeseli zabelwana ngee-unicellular kunye nee-multicellular organism (ekwabizwa ngokuba ezininzi).
Bona kwakho: Imizekelo yee-Cellular Organelles (kunye nomsebenzi wayo)
Ukuveliswa kweseli kwakhona
Inkqubo ye- izinto eziphilayo ezininzi Zivela kuqala kwiseli enye. Nabantu okwangoku ngexesha lokukhulelwa ekuqaleni bayiseli. Nangona kunjalo, loo seli ingena kwangoko. Iiseli zinokuvelisa kwakhona ngeendlela ezimbini:
- MitosisZenzeka kwiiseli ze-somatic. Iseli lahlulahlulwa kube kanye (iiseli ezimbini ziphuma kwiseli). Udade chromatids ohlukeneyo kwaye akukho crossover eyenzekayo, ke iiseli zeentombi ezimbini zinolwazi olufanayo lofuzo. Luyahlulo olufutshane lweseli elijolise ekukhuleni nasekuvuseleleni iiseli kunye nezicubu.
- I-MeiosisIveliswa kuphela kwiiseli zeziqu zegemetes (iiseli zesini). Iseli yahlulahlulwe kabini. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, ii-chromosomes ze-homologous zahlulwe okwesibini, ii-chromatids zahluliwe kwaye emva koko kukho i-crossover phakathi kwe-chromosomes ene-homologous. Kungenxa yoko le nto iiseli zeentombi ezine zahlukile ngokwemfuza. Injongo yayo kukuqhubeka kohlobo kwaye Umahluko wemfuza.
Ukusuka apha ngasentla kunokugqitywa ekubeni izinto eziphilayo ezininzi Bafumana zonke iiseli zabo (ngaphandle kwezesondo) ukusuka kwiseli enye yokuqala yokubulela kwimosis.
Kwizinto eziphilayo ezineseli ezininzi, ayizizo zonke iiseli ezifanayo, kodwa kunokuba kwahlulwe ukufezekisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo: umzekelo, kukho iiseli zemithambo-luvo, iiseli ze-epithelial, iiseli zemisipha, njl. Inkqubo ye- iiseli ezizodwa zilungelelaniswe zaba ziiseti ezibizwa ngokuba ngamalaphu, nazo ezo yenza amalungu.
Iiseli zeprokaryotic kunye ne-eukaryotic
Ukongeza ekwahlukeni, zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zeeseli ezahlula iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphilayo:
Iiseli zeprokaryotic: Ubungakanani bazo bungaphantsi kweemicron ezimbini, kwaye nangona zinenwebu yeseli, abanayo inwebu yenyukliya (leyo yahlula i-nucleus kwisytoplasm). I-DNA ikho njengemolekyuli enye, kwaye imbalwa protein edityaniswa yimibutho yabasebenzi ebuthathaka. I-DNA yenza i-chromosome enye. Ii-organelles zayo ezine-cytoplasmic zii-ribosomes ezincinci. Ayinamathambo angaphakathi. Iiseli zeprokaryotic zenza i-PROCARIONTE ORGANISMS (iintsholongwane kunye necyanobacteria). Zidla ngokuba zi-UNICELLULAR eziphilayo, ngaphandle kwe-myxobacteria.
Iiseli zeEukaryoticUbukhulu bayo bungaphezulu kweemicron ezimbini, ukongeza kwimbrane yeseli inembumba yenyukliya. I-DNA yenza iimolekyuli ezinomqolo kunye neeproteni ezinxulumene nazo ngokudibana okuqinileyo. I-DNA yenza ii-chromosomes ezahlukeneyo. Iseli ibandakanya iintlobo zeecytoplasmic organelles, amathambo angaphakathi, kunye neecandelo zangaphakathi ezinombala. Iiseli ze-eukaryotic zenza i-EUCHARIAN ORGANISMS (ezinje ngezilwanyana, izityalo kunye nomntu) ezizizinto eziphilayo.
Bona kwakho: Imizekelo yee-Unicellular kunye neeMulticellular Organic
Ingakukhonza: Amalungu oMzimba woLuntu
Imizekelo yezinto eziphilayo ezininzi
- Umntu: Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeseli zenza ubuninzi bezicubu ezithi zijikeleze ukujikeleza, uvalo, iinkqubo zamathambo, njl.
- UnonkalaNjengezinye ii-crustaceans, iinxalenye zeeseli zazo zahluliwe ukuze zenze i-exoskeleton, isakhiwo esigubungela nokukhusela isilwanyana.
- Ihlengethwa: Isilwanyana esiselwandle. Njengazo zonke izilwanyana, yenziwe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli zezilwanyana ze-eukaryotic.
- Ingqolowa: Ukutya okusapho kwengca. Yenziwe ziindidi ngeendidi zeeseli zezityalo ze-eukaryotic.
- Ukuginya: Intaka yemikhwa yokufuduka, eyeyosapho lwehirundínidos, yomyalelo wabahambi.
- IngcaNjengezinye izityalo ezenza into enye, isiqu sayo siquka iiseli ezimnandi ezivumela ukuba kwandiswe ubude baso emva kokunqunyulwa.
- Inkukhu: Intaka yosapho lakwaPhasianidae. Njengezinye iintaka, igqunywe ziintsiba ezenziwe ziiseli ezikhethekileyo kwi-epidermis ebizwa ngokuba yi-keratinocytes.
- IslamoniZombini iintlanzi zaselwandle nezasemanzini. Njengoninzi lweentlanzi (i-bony okanye i-cartilaginous) isikhumba sayo sigqunywe esikalini, iiseli ezizodwa ezahlukileyo kwizikali zezirhubuluzi.
- Isele le temporaria: Amphibian Anuran wosapho lakwaRanidae, ohlala eYurophu nasemantla ntshona eAsia.
- Icikilishe eliluhlaza: Iintlobo zecilikishe (isirhubuluzi) sosapho lakwaTiiidae. Ime kwi-ecozone ebanzi eArgentina, Bolivian naseParaguayan Chaco.
Ewe, ukongeza kwezo zikhankanyiweyo, amawaka emizekelo angadweliswa, kuba zonke izilwanyana ezikhoyo zizinto eziphilayo ezinemibala emininzi. Ukuba ufuna eminye imizekelo, ungandwendwela icandelo le- Imizekelo yezilwanyana eziHleliweyo, okanye Izilwanyana ezingenamqolo.
- Ingakukhonza: Zithini izinto eziphilayo ze-Unicellular?
