Imicimbi ye-Organic kunye ne-Inorganic

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zezinto eziphilayo
• Iimpawu zomcimbi ongaqhelekanga
• Imizekelo yezinto eziphilayo
• Imizekelo yezinto ezingaqhelekanga

Yonke into esirhangqileyo inokuthi ibekwe njengomba wezinto eziphilayo okanye izinto ezingaphiliyo.

Inkqubo ye- izinto eziphilayo ichazwa ngokwenziwa ngu iimolekyuli organic, ezo ke ziqulathe ikhabhon eyakha i-carbon-hydrogen okanye i-carbon-carbon bond. Oku kuthetha ukuba iiathom ikhabhon iqhotyoshelwe kwi-hydrogen enye okanye nangaphezulu, okanye ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kweeathom zekhabhon ziqhotyoshelwe kwenye nenye.

Inkqubo ye- izinto ezingaphiliyo Inye engenazo iibhondi zekhabhoni.

Iimpawu zezinto eziphilayo

• Nguwo lowo ukho kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo: izityalo, iintsholongwane, izilwanyananjl.
• Ii-athomu: Ukongeza kwikhabhon, iimolekyuli ze-organic zidityaniswa ikakhulu yioksijini, initrogen, isalfure, i-phosphorus, i-boron kunye ne-halogens.
• Zingaba zendalo (i-biomolecule) okanye izinto ezingezizo, ezo zidalwe ngumntu.
• Ukwahlulahlula izinto zemvelo zendalo kwi vivo (ezo ziyinxalenye yezinto eziphilayo):
  • IiCarbohydrate: Yenziwe ikakhulu ngekhabhoni, ioksijini kunye nehydrogen. Ikwabizwa ngokuba siswekile.
  • Iipilisi: Yenziwe ikakhulu yicarbon kunye nehydrogen, kunye ne-oxygen encinci, kwaye kwezinye iimeko iphosphorus, isulfure ne-nitrogen. Azinyibiliki emanzini (i-hydrophobic) kodwa inyibilika kwizinyibilikisi eziphilayo.
  • IiproteniZenziwe ngee-polypeptides.
  • Iimpawu zenyukliya: Iipolymers ezenza imixokelelwane. Yenziwe yicarbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen kunye nephosphate. Yiyo into egcina ulwazi lofuzo lwezinto eziphilayo.
  • Iimolekyuli ezincinci: Phakathi kwazo kukho iihomoni kunye neealkaloids.
• Umcimbi wezinto eziphilayo wemvelaphi yendalo ex vivo. Zizinto ezingaphandle kweeseli zezinto eziphilayo. Umzekelo ioyile.
• Umcimbi wezinto zendalo: Abantu bakwazile ukwenza izinto eziphilayo ngezinto ezingaphiliyo enkosi Wöhler synthesis.
• Umcimbi wezinto eziphilayo kukutya kwabo bonke eziphilayo heterotrophic.

Iimpawu zomcimbi ongaqhelekanga

• Kwiimeko ezimbalwa apho iqulethe khona ikhabhon, ayenzi carbon-hydrogen okanye carbon-carbon bond.
• Ii-Atom: ineentlobo ezininzi kakhulu zezinto kunezinto eziphilayo.
• Ngokungafaniyo nezinto eziphilayo, ayinayo i-ionic (okanye i-electrovalent) bond.
• Ukwahlulahlula izinto ezingaphiliyo:
  • Iikhompawundi zokubumba: i-oxides yensimbiIityiwa ezingathath'icala, Iityuwa eziguqukayo.
  • Iimpawu zeTernary:Ihydroxides, IiOxoacids, iiOxisales.
• Izinto eziphilayo ze-Autotrophic zisebenzisa into engaphiliyo ukuvelisa izinto eziphilayo.

Ngokusingqongileyo, izinto eziphilayo kunye nezinto ezingaphiliyo kunqabile ukuba zahlulwe. Umzekelo, ilitye lenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo, nangona kunjalo kunokubakho izinto ezininzi ezinjenge-moss, ifungi okanye izinambuzane ezincinci. Iiglasi zenziwe ngezinto ezingaphiliyo, nangona kunjalo zinokugqunywa ngeebhaktiriya ezincinci, ezizizinto eziphilayo kwaye ke ngoko zizinto eziphilayo. Thina ngokwethu, omnye nawuphi na umphezulu, sinokushiya umkhondo weoyile (yendalo) kulusu lwethu.

Nangona umzimba wethu wenziwe ikakhulu ngezinto eziphilayo, kuba zonke ii izicwili kunye namalungu zenziwe yiyo, kukho inkitha ye uyaphuma, iivithamini kunye neeminerals (iikhompawundi ezingafunekiyo) esizifunayo, ukongeza emanzini.

Imizekelo yezinto eziphilayo

1. IswekileNgaphandle kokufana ngokubonakalayo kwityuwa erhabaxa (into engaphiliyo), iswekile yahlukile luphawu olubalulekileyo: iyindalo. Into eyenziwe ngayo yi-sucrose, eneemolekyuli zayo zenziwe kuphela yicarbon, hydrogen kunye neeathom zeoksijini. Inye ye zokwahlula.
2. IPhepha: Liliphepha elenziwe ikakhulu siseli yeselulosi, evela kwimicu yemifuno. Xa kusenziwa iphepha, izinto ezininzi ezingaphiliyo zinokungenelela, kodwa ngenxa yokuba yenziwe iselulosi, siyithatha njengeyona nto iphilayo.
3. Isitashi
4. UbisiUbisi esiqhele ukulusebenzisa luyimveliso yezilwanyana kwaye ke yinto yendalo. Yenziwe ikakhulu yileactose, iintlobo ngeentlobo zeepids, kunye nee-casein (uhlobo lweprotein).
5. Isilika lesigcawuYintambo eyenziwe ziiproteni. Zisetyenziswa zizigcawu ukuzingela izinambuzane, ukwakha iindlwane nokukhusela amaqanda azo, kunye nokuhamba emoyeni.
6. IsephaYenziwe ngemathiriyeli yendalo evela kwimathiriyeli yokwenziwa impendulo yamachiza phakathi kwealkali (engaqhelekanga) kunye ne-lipid (organic).
7. Ioli yombona: Njengazo zonke iioyile, luhlobo lwe lipid. Kungenxa yoko le nto iioyile zingaze zikwazi ukudibanisa ngokupheleleyo namanzi, njengoko ziyi-hydrophobic kwinqanaba leemolekyuli.
8. Abanye: Ngaphandle kwenyani yokuba xa sizisika asiziva zintlungu, iinzipho ziyinxalenye yezinto eziphilayo zomzimba wethu. Zenziwe ziiseli ezifileyo ezinekeratin, eluhlobo lweprotheni.

Imizekelo yezinto ezingaqhelekanga

1. ItyuwaItafile yetyuwa yinto engaphiliyo eyenziwe ngesodiyam nechlorine.
2. Igolide: Yinto yemichiza nyulu. Sisinyithi esithambileyo nesinzima, esasidla ngokusetyenziswa ukwenza iingqekembe zemali. Ngenxa yokuxhathisa kwayo kakhulu ukubola, isetyenziswa kumzi mveliso nakwizinto zombane.
3. Iglasi: Nangona siyazi ikakhulu iglasi eyenziwe ngabantu, inokufumaneka kwindalo. Umzekelo, i-obsidian. Iglasi esiyibonayo kwizinto zemihla ngemihla yenziwa ngesanti yesalica, isodiyam carbonate, kunye nelitye lekalika, inyibilike kwii-1,500 degrees.
4. Iklorin, iblitshi, okanye iblitshiInto esiqhele ukuyazi njengechlorine, iblitshi okanye iblitshi yinyani yesodiyam hypochlorite, oko kukuthi, yinxalenye yeklorin, isodiyam neoksijini.
5. Mamanzi amisiweKwindalo, amanzi aqukethe isixa esikhulu sezinto eziphilayo, nkqu namanzi alungele ukusetyenziswa ngabantu. Kodwa into enamanzi yenziwe ngeemolekyuli eziqukethe kuphela i-hydrogen kunye neoksijini, oko kukuthi, yinto engaqhelekanga. Ukufumana amanzi amsulwa, inkqubo yolwelo, ukuba nge umphunga zamanzi ziqinisekisa ukuba akukho nto yelinye ilizwe kwisiphumo sokugqibela.
6. Potassium: Luhlobo lwesinyithi sealkali. Yenye yezinto ezingaphiliyo esizifunayo ukuze sisebenze kakuhle emzimbeni wethu. Iyabandakanyeka kuthintelo lwezihlunu, umsebenzi we-neuromuscular, kunye nophuhliso lweseli, phakathi kweminye imisebenzi.
7. Intsimbi: Enye yezona zinyithi ezininzi kunqabileyo. Isetyenzisiwe ngabantu ukwenza izixhobo kunye nezinye iintlobo zezinto ukusukela kumaxesha angaphambi kokubhalwa kwembali. Nangona kunjalo, ikwayinto efunwa ngumzimba wethu, nangona ikumanqanaba amancinci kangangokuba ayibonakali.