Imigangatho yobugcisa

Umxholo

• Imizekelo yemigangatho yezobugcisa

Inkqubo ye-imigangatho yobugcisa luluhlu lwamaxwebhu akhutshwe liqumrhu labasemagunyeni elaziwayo kumcimbi othile, ukumisela okanye ukumisela iinkcukacha Ingcali kuphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji, uphuhliso lwemveliso okanye unikezelo lweenkonzo ezifanelekileyo.

Imigangatho yezobugcisa isebenza eluntwini njengezikhokelo zokubekwa emgangathweni, Ukubeka emgangathweni iinkqubo kunye nokukhusela iimfuno zoluntu, isekwe kukuziphatha, ukusebenza kakuhle, umgangatho okanye izizathu zokhuseleko. Umsebenzi wokugqibela iya kuba, ngokusisiseko, ukumiselwa komgangatho (ukwenziwa lula, ukuhlanganiswa, imigaqo) yeenkqubo zolawulo oluchanekileyo kunye nophuhliso lokuziphatha.

Ngokwesiqhelo imigaqo Banokuba nenqanaba lesizwe okanye lehlabathi lezenzo, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bomzimba obazisayo okanye izivumelwano malunga nomcimbi owenzekileyo phakathi kwamazwe. Ngale ndlela ke kunjalo imigaqo esemthethweniOko kukuthi, kukhutshwa ligunya.

Xa, ngokuchaseneyo, imimiselo ivela kwi umsantsa oqhelekileyo, isiko kunye nemfuneko, ziyaqwalaselwa imigaqo engekho mthethweni. Ezi zinokusebenza, ukuba nje aziphikisani nezimvo zemigaqo yaseburhulumenteni.

Eyona nto iphambili kule mibutho kwinqanaba lehlabathi yile ISO (Umbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe wokuBekwa emgangathweni).

Bona kwakho: Imizekelo yeMigangatho yoMgangatho

Imizekelo yemigangatho yezobugcisa

1. ISO 9000. Ipapashwe yi Umbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe wokuBekwa emgangathweni (I-ISO) njengangaphambili, luluhlu lwemigangatho yolawulo lwekhrayitheriya esemgangathweni kuyilo, imveliso, ufakelo, inkonzo, ukuhlolwa, ukuvavanywa kunye nokulawulwa kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezinokubakho, ezinjongo zayo ikukulawula nokumanya Iikhrayitheriya zokuxhasa ngegama lakho kuphela ezo zihlangabezana neemfuno ezifanelekileyo nezichaziweyo.
2. ISO 1000. Kwimizamo yokukhankanya iNkqubo yamaZiko aMazwe ngaMazwe, lo mgangatho we-ISO ucacisa amagama abekiweyo eiyunithi, iiyunithi zokuncedisa, kunye neeyunithi ezithathiweyo, ukubeka emgangathweni ukusetyenziswa kwezimaphambili, iisimboli kunye neenombolo zokuqonda ngokubanzi kwabantu.
3. I-ISBN (iNombolo yaMazwe ngaMazwe yeNcwadi). Mfutshane kwiNombolo yeNcwadi eHlabathi yaMazwe ngaMazwe, sisazisi esikhethekileyo seencwadi ezipapashwe naphina emhlabeni kwaye zenzelwe ukuba zisetyenziselwe urhwebo. Imvelaphi yayo yaqala ngonyaka ka-1966 e-United Kingdom, xa izikhululo ze-W.H.Smith zayisebenzisa ekuchongeni nasekulungiseleleni iimveliso zazo, kwaye ukusukela ngo-1970 yamkelwa njengomgangatho wokupapasha wamazwe aphesheya.
4. I-ISSN (iNombolo yesiqhelo yamazwe ngamazwe). Njenge-ISBN, linombolo yokuchongwa kwamazwe aphesheya emiselweyo kumaxesha athile, ezinje ngeencwadi zonyaka, iimagazini kunye namaphephandaba. Lo mgangatho uvumela ukumisela ukuhlelwa ngokulinganayo kwaye kuthintelwe iimpazamo ekubhaleni izihloko okanye kuguqulelo, eziluncedo kakhulu kwiikhathalogu zebhibliyografi nezephephandaba.
5. I-MPEG2 (iQela leeNgcali zeMifanekiso yokuHamba). Eli ligama elinikwe iseti yemilinganiselo kunye nemigangatho yokufakwa kweekhowudi kwividiyo kunye nakwividiyo ebhengezwe liQela leeNgcali kwiMifanekiso yokuHamba (MPEG), epapashwe kumgangatho we-ISO 13818. Iindlela zobuchwephesha zalo mgaqo zisetyenziselwa iDijithali yasemhlabeni. Umabonwakude, ngesathelayithi okanye ngentambo, nakwi-SVCD nakwiidiski zeDVD.
6. Imilinganiselo yefowuni ye-3GPP. Olu luluhlu lwemigangatho yonxibelelwano ngomnxeba ephuhliswe ngu Iprojekthi yobuDlelwane yesiThathu (IProjekhthi yoMbutho wesiGaba sesiThathu), indlela yayo yokuqala yayikukuphuhlisa inkqubo yonxibelelwano ngomnxeba kwisizukulwana sesithathu (3G) seefowuni eziphathwayo, ngokusekwe koko kwaphunyezwa yi-GSM yangaphambili nakwinkqubo-sikhokelo ye-ITU (uManyano lwezoNxibelelwano lwaMazwe ngaMazwe). Namhlanje le migangatho igubungela ezinye iintlobo zonxibelelwano ezinje ngonomathotholo kunye neenethiwekhi ezingundoqo, zinikwa ukukhula kwazo okukhulu kunye nokubaluleka.
7. ISO 22000. Omnye wemigangatho ebaluleke kakhulu yokumiselwa kwe-ISO, enikezelwe kunyango nasekulawuleni ukutya, ihlala ithathela ingqalelo ukhuseleko lwabathengi kwimveliso, ekuphatheni nasekuhanjisweni kwempahla yokutya yabathengi. Inayo yonke imiqathango yothintelo kunye nokuqwalaselwa ekufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuze imveliso iqinisekiswe yi-ISO, eqinisekisa ukubanakho kwayo.
8. Ilungelo lokushicilela. Ekuqalekeni kwayo, Ilungelo lokushicilela Yenziwe ngurhulumente wase-United States, yayingeyonto engaphezulu komgangatho wokukhuselwa kweemephu, iitshathi kunye neencwadi ezazithintela ukuveliswa kwabo ngaphandle kwemvume yombhali. Kodwa ukusukela kwiminyaka yama-50 yasasazeka kwilizwe liphela kwaye yaba yeyona ndawo isaziwa kakhulu kwaye isasazeke kakhulu, ikhusela amandla ombhali (kunye neendlalifa zakhe) kwindalo yakhe kude kube lixesha elithile emva kokufa (kuchazwe ubuncinci iminyaka engama-50) .
9. IiLayisensi eziqhelekileyo zeCreative Commons. Imvelaphi yaseMelika, le seti yemigaqo yezomthetho ilandela ukungqinisiswa kwemisebenzi yokuyila kunye nolwazi, kuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwazo simahla ngokungqinelana nezikhokelo ezimiselwe ngumbhali, ezibandakanya inkululeko yokubonisana nokusasaza, ngamanye amaxesha nokuhlela, kodwa hayi ukuthengisa okanye ukuxhaphaza kwezorhwebo.
10. Umgangatho wobuchwephesha baseColombia NTC 4595-4596. Ngokucacileyo indawo iyasebenza, lo mthetho ubhengezwe liSebe leMfundo laseColombia ulawula uyilo kunye nokucwangciswa kwendawo yezakhiwo ezitsha zemfundo, ukuqinisekisa intlalontle yoluntu lwasekuhlaleni kunye nemigangatho esemgangathweni yesizwe xa kusakhiwa isikolo okanye ikholeji. kunye nokuphucula esele ikhona.
11. Umgangatho wobuchwephesha baseSpain NTP 211. Esi siqhelo, kunye nokwenziwa kukazwelonke, kulawula imicimbi ephathelene nokukhanyiswa kweendawo zokusebenzela eSpain, kuthathelwa ingqalelo imveliso, intuthuzelo kunye nokukhuseleka kwezintlu ezahlukeneyo zabasebenzi nabasebenzi.
12. Imigangatho yobuGcisa yeeNdawo eziSetyenziswayo zeJografi. Ummiselo weZiko leLizwe lezeNkcukacha-manani kunye neJografi yoRhulumente waseMexico oseka imigaqo eyahlukeneyo yokuphathwa kwedatha yendawo kunye nokudityaniswa kwayo kwimveliso nakwinkqubo yokwenza izigqibo. Yinzame yokumisela unxibelelwano emgangathweni kulo lonke ilizwe.
13. NOP COPEL. Umgangatho wobuchwephesha waseBrazil okhankanya iimfuno ngokubhekisele kwizixhobo zonikezelo lombane, izixhobo, indibano yothungelwano lokuhambisa okanye umsebenzi wokugcina kuthungelwano olusetyenziswayo. Bonyulwe yiCOPEL, inkampani enguvulindlela eBrazil emsebenzini wombane kunye nomnye wabasasazi abakhulu bamandla eParaná.
14. Imigangatho ye-NTVO yase-Argentina. IKhomishini yoLawulo lweSizwe yeCRMT eArgentina igcina uthotho lwemigaqo ngokubhekisele kwiindlela nakwindlela kaloliwe kunye nolawulo, ukusukela kumbutho wesizwe kunye nolondolozo lomgaqo kumgaqo wokuhlolwa kwemisebenzi.
15. IMigangatho yobuGcisa noMgangatho weCodex Alimentarius yoMbutho weHlabathi wezoRhwebo(WTO). Njengoko igama layo lisungulwa, le khowudi yokutya izama ukulungelelanisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka amanyathelo ococeko kunye nopytosanitary ekhokelela ekubekweni komgangatho wokhuseleko lokutya. Iseti yemigangatho yamanye amazwe ebizwa ngokuba yi "Codex" ehambelana nemibutho yokutya nezolimo yamanye amazwe.