Umxholo
Inkqubo ye- iingxaki zokusingqongileyoZizinto zendalo (okanye ezenziwe ngabantu) ezichaphazela kakubi ulondolozo lwendalo, okanye ezibeka esichengeni ubomi bezinto eziphilayo.
Uninzi lweengxaki zokusingqongileyo zivela kwisenzo esingacwangciswanga somntu, ekukhuleni kwedolophu jikelele kufuna ngakumbi nangakumbi Uvimba wendalo zazo zonke iintlobo: amanzi, amandla, umhlaba, i-organic kunye izimbiwa.
Iingxaki zokusingqongileyo zihlala ziqwalaselwa de kube iziphumo icace gca, ngoku iintlekele zemvelo, iintlekele zendalo, izoyikiso zehlabathi okanye umngcipheko omkhulu kwimpilo yabantu.
Imizekelo yeengxaki zokusingqongileyo
Ukutshatyalaliswa kocingo lweozone. Le meko yokuncitshiswa kwesithintelo se-ozone emoyeni esihluza kwaye siguqule imitha yelanga yinto ebhalwe kakuhle kumashumi eminyaka, xa ungcoliseko lomoya ngenxa yokukhutshwa kweegesi zaqala catalyze ukubola kwe-ozone kwioksijini, into yesiqhelo ihlala icotha kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukubuyiswa kwayo ngokuyinxenye kuye kwabhengezwa kutshanje.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi. Inxalenye yesithathu yeplanethi igutyungelwe ngamahlathi namahlathi, abonisa imiphunga emikhulu yemifuno evuselela imihla ngemihla isixa seoksijini esemoyeni. Ukugcina nokugcina ngokungakhethiyo akusoyikisi nje oku kubaluleka kweekhemikhali, kubalulekile ebomini, kodwa kukwakhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kweendawo zokuhlala izilwanyana kunye nelahleko yokufunxwa komhlaba. Kuqikelelwa ukuba zizigidi ezili-129 lezigidi zeehektare ezilahlekileyo kule minyaka ilishumi elinesiqingatha idlulileyo.
Imo iyatshintsha. Ezinye iingcinga zibonisa ukuba kungenxa yongcoliseko oluzinzileyo kumashumi eminyaka, abanye bayinxalenye yomjikelo weeplanethi. Utshintsho lwemozulu njengesenzeko esalatha endaweni yemozulu eyomileyo kunye neyokunye okunjalo, ekufudukeni kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nokwabiwa ngokutsha kwamanzi, zonke ezo zinto zineziphumo ezibonakalayo kubemi babantu, abaqhelene kwiinkulungwane zemozulu yengingqi ezinzileyo.
Ukumoshwa komoya. Amanqanaba ukumoshwa komoya Baye baphindaphindeka kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, imveliso yemveliso ye-hydrocarbon yamandla kunye neenjini zokutsha, ezithi zikhuphe iitoni zerhasi eyityhefu emoyeni, ngaloo ndlela zonakalise kwawona moya siphefumlayo.
Ungcoliseko lwamanzi. Ukukhutshwa kwe izinto zemichiza nenkunkuma enetyhefu esuka kwimizi-mveliso iye kumachibi nasemilanjeni, ingunobangela wemvula eneasidi, ukuphela kwezinto eziphilayo nokuphela kwamanzi, nto leyo efuna amanyathelo agqithisileyo okwenza ukuba isetyenziswe, iyimfuneko kulondolozo lomhlaba. ubomi bendalo zonke iintlobo.
Ukuphela komhlaba. Ukulima monoculture kunye neentlobo zezolimo ezinamandla, ezithi, ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zeteknoloji, zikhulise imveliso ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo imfuneko yokutshintsha komhlaba, zityala ingxaki yexesha elizayo, kuba imihlaba iyayigqiba izondlo kwaye ubomi bezityalo buba nzima ngakumbi kwixesha eliphakathi. Injalo imeko yeembotyi zesoya, umzekelo.
Ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma eqhumayo. Izityalo zenyukliya mihla le zivelisa iitoni zenkunkuma eqhumayo eyingozi kubomi babantu, kwizityalo nakwizilwanyana, ikwanikwe ithuba elide lomsebenzi eligqitha ukuzinza kwezikhongozelo zawo eziqhelekileyo zokukhokela. Indlela yokulahla le nkunkuma kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo ngumceli mngeni ekujonganeni nawo.
Ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma engenakubumba. Iiplastikhi, iipholima, kunye nezinye iindlela ezintsonkothileyo zemveliso zorhwebo zinobomi obude ngokukodwa de ekugqibeleni bube yibhayodegrade. Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba iitoni zeengxowa zeplastiki kunye nezinye izinto ezilahlwayo ziveliswa yonke imihla, umhlaba uya kuba nendawo encinci nenqabileyo yenkunkuma ehlala ixesha elide.
Bona kwakho: Ezona zinto zingcolisa umhlaba
Ukunyibilika komhlaba. Ayaziwa ukuba iyimveliso yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu emhlabeni okanye isiphelo sexesha lomkhenkce, kodwa inyani kukuba iipali ziyanyibilika, zonyusa amanqanaba amanzi olwandle kwaye zibeke imida eselunxwemeni esekwe, ngokunjalo njengobomi be-arctic kunye ne-antarctic.
Ukwandiswa kweentlango. Zininzi imimandla eyintlango Zikhula kancinci kancinci ngenxa yembalela, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunye nobushushu behlabathi. Oku akuphikisani nezikhukula ezinobundlobongela kwenye indawo, kodwa akukho ndlela inokukhetha ukuba isempilweni ebomini.
Ukuxinana kwabantu. Kwilizwe le izixhobo ezinqongopheleyo, ukukhula okunganqandekiyo kwabantu yingxaki yokusingqongileyo. Ngo-1950 abantu bebonke khange bafikelele kwi-3 yezigidigidi, kwaye ngo-2012 sele begqithile kwi-7. Inani labantu liphindaphindeke kathathu kule minyaka ingama-60 idlulileyo, nto leyo ibonakalisa ikamva lentlupheko nokhuphiswano lwezixhobo.
Ukuchithwa kwe-Ocean. Kukunyuka kwe-pH yamanzi olwandle, njengemveliso yezinto ezongezwe yi Icandelo lomntu. Oku kunempembelelo efanayo naleyo ye-osteoporosis yabantu kwiintlobo zaselwandle kunye nokukhula kwezinye iintlobo ze-algae kunye neplankton iyanda ngaphezulu kwabanye, iphule ibhalansi yetrophic.
Ukuxhathisa kwebhakteria kwii-antibiotics. Isenokungabi yingxaki yokusingqongileyo konke konke, kuba ichaphazela ikakhulu impilo yabantu, kodwa sisiphumo sendaleko yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwe iyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane amashumi eminyaka, ekhokelele ekudalweni kwe iintsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo Oko akunakwenzakalisa umntu kuphela, kodwa nakwezona zilwanyana ziphakamileyo.
Ukuveliswa kobutyobo bendawo. Nangona ingakhange ibonakale ngathi yiyo, le ngxaki iqale ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwaye ithembisa ukuba yingxaki kwixesha elizayo, njengoko ibhanti lendawo yenkunkuma esele iqala ukungqonga iplanethi yethu inyuka ngeesathelayithi ezilandelelanayo kunye nentsalela yemishini yasemajukujukwini. ukuba, xa sele isetyenzisiwe yaza yalahlwa, ihlala ijikeleza iplanethi yethu.
Ukupheliswa kobutyebi obungenakuhlaziywa. Inkqubo ye- hydrocarbonNgaphezulu kwayo yonke le nto, zizinto eziphilayo ezenziwe ngaphezulu kwembali yetectonic kwaye zisetyenziswe kakhulu nangokungakhathali kangangokuba kwixesha elizayo ziya kuba zisetyenzisiwe zizonke. Yeyiphi imiphumo yokusingqongileyo ethi izise, ihlala ibonakala; kodwa ugqatso lokufumana iindlela Amandla ongezelelweyo ayisoloko ikhomba kwizisombululo eziluhlaza.
Ukutyala ukuhlaselwa kwemfuza. Ubunjineli bemfuza yezityalo zezolimo bunokubonakala njengesisombululo sethutyana ekwandiseni imveliso yokutya ukwanelisa inani labantu elandayo, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha kubangela ukonakala kwesityalo. Ukwahluka kwemfuza kohlobo Ukulima imifuno kunye nefuthe elibi kukhuphiswano phakathi kweentlobo, kuba isebenza kumgaqo ukhetho lokuzenzela etshabalalisa indalo yezityalo nezityalo zalo mmandla.
Ungcoliseko lwe Photochemical. Oku kwenzeka kwizixeko ezikhulu ezinamashishini, apho kukho imimoya embalwa yokuhambisa ungcoliseko lomoya, kunye neziganeko ezininzi ze-UV ikhathalaza Ukusebenza okunobungozi kunye nokusebenza okunetyhefu kubomi be-organic. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yifogochemical smog.
Bona kwakho: Ezona zinto zingcolisayo emoyeni
Ukuqhekeka kweendawo zokuhlala zendalo. Ukukhula kokunaba kwabantu ezidolophini, ukongeza kwimisebenzi yezimbiwa kunye nokugawulwa okuzinzileyo, kutshabalalise iindawo zokuhlala zendalo ezininzi, okukhokelele ekuphelisweni kwendalo yezityalo nezilwanyana ngezinga elixhalabisayo.
Impembelelo yokushisa okanye ukufudumala kwehlabathi. Le ithiyori ithatha ukuba ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu ehlabathi kuyimveliso yokutshatyalaliswa kocwecwe lwe-ozone (kunye nemeko ephezulu yemitha ye-UV), kunye namanqanaba aphezulu e-CO2 nabanye iigesi kwiatmosfera, ethintela ukukhutshwa kobushushu bokusingqongileyo, oko ke kukhokelele kuninzi lweziganeko esele zichaziwe.
Ukuphela kweentlobo zezilwanyana. Nokuba kukuzingela ngokungakhethiyo, urhwebo lwezilwanyana okanye iziphumo ungcoliseko kunye nokonakaliswa kweendawo abahlala kuzo, kungokunje kuthethwa ngokutshabalala okuphezulu kwesithandathu, ngoku eliyimveliso yoluntu. Uluhlu lweentlobo zezilwanyana ezisemngciphekweni lubanzi kwaye, ngokophando lweengcali zebhayoloji ezikule ndawo, iipesenti ezingama-70 zezilwanyana zehlabathi zinokunyamalala phakathi kwinkulungwane ukuba amanyathelo okhuselo awathathwanga.
Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe?
- Imizekelo yeentlekele zeteknoloji
- Imizekelo yeentlekele zendalo
- Ziintoni iintlekele zeAnthropic?
- Imizekelo yeZenzeko zeNdalo
