Umxholo
- I-volcanoes ezingasebenziyo, ezisebenzayo nezingasekhoyo
- Ulwakhiwo kunye neenxalenye zentaba-mlilo
- Zenziwa njani iintaba-mlilo?
Inkqubo ye-iintaba-mlilo yimijikelezo esemhlabeni, kwaye inxibelelana nomphezulu womhlaba kunye nezona ndawo zishushu nezingaphakathi zomhlaba.
Le yenye yeembonakalo ezingaphezulu kunye nezingaphantsi komhlaba kumandla angaphakathi eplanethi, kwaye eyona nto iphambili kuyo kukukwazi ukuvelisa umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo, emelwe ukunyuka kweegesi kunye nolwelo ukusuka kumbindi womhlaba ukuya kuqweqwe lomhlaba.
I-volcanoes ezingasebenziyo, ezisebenzayo nezingasekhoyo
Inkqubo apho i-volcano inokunxibelelana nengaphandle ibizwa ngokuba luqhushumbo, kwaye inokubandakanya iziganeko zentshabalalo eyomeleleyo kuluntu oluhlala kufutshane nentaba-mlilo.
- Inkqubo ye-mlilo esebenzayo Zizo ezo ezithi ngamanye amaxesha ziye zisebenze, kwaye inzululwazi ayikabinako ukuqikelela ngokuqinisekileyo oku kuqhuma. Nangona kukho inani elikhulu leentaba-mlilo, kuphela ngama-500 kuphela kwiqela elisebenzayo.
- Inkqubo ye-iintaba-mlilo ezingalaliyo ngabo bagcina iimpawu ezithile zomsebenzi, kodwa ixesha elide kakhulu (iminyaka engama-25,000) khange zivele.
- Inkqubo ye-Iintaba-mlilo ezingasekhoyo Zizo ezo bezingasebenzi kangangexesha, kwaye zingabonisi zimpawu zokukwazi ukuphinda zisebenze.
Ulwakhiwo kunye neenxalenye zentaba-mlilo
Amaqondo obushushu noxinzelelo lweentaba-mlilo ziyonyuka ngokobona bume bunzulu, kwaye amaqondo obushushu ajikeleze i-5000 ° C anokuxelwa, nto leyo enika uphawu lweentaba-mlilo ezishushu kakhulu.
- Eyona ndawo ishushu ye-volcano yi Isiseko, apho izinto ziziphatha njengamanzi.
- Inkqubo ye- ingubo Eli licandelo eliphakathi, kwaye linamaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwe-1000 ° C ngokuziphatha okungagungqiyo.
- Okokugqibela, ibizwa ICortex maleko wangaphandle onxibelelana nendalo.
Ngaphaya kwala macandelo mathathu, iindawo ezahlukileyo zesakhiwo sentaba-mlilo zahlukile:
- Ikhowuni yevolcanic: Yenziwe ngoxinzelelo lwe-magma njengoko inyuka.
- Igumbi leMagmatic: Ingxowa efunyenwe ngaphakathi emhlabeni, eyenziwe ngamaminerali kunye namatye kwimeko yolwelo.
- Crater: Umlomo apho ukuqhuma kwenzeka khona.
- I-Fumarole: Ukukhutshwa kwegesi kwi-lavas.
- I-Lava: iMagma inyukela phezulu.
- Magma: Umxube wezinto eziqinileyo, ulwelo kunye negesi ethi xa iphakama inyuse udaka.
Zenziwa njani iintaba-mlilo?
Inkqubo ye- esona sizathu siphambili efumanisa ukuba ubukho beentaba-mlilo kukwahlulahlula kube ngamacwecwe alishumi elinesine awona maleko aphezulu emhlabeni: iAfrika, iAntarctic, iArabia, iAustralia, iCaribbean, iScotland, iEurasian, iPhilippines, iIndiya, uJuan de Fuca, iNazca, iPacific, uMntla Merika nase Mzantsi Melika.
Phakathi kwawo onke la macwecwe enza uqweqwe lomhlaba, kwaye emaphethelweni azo ukubonakaliswa kwangaphandle kwemisebenzi yangaphakathi yomhlaba kugxile, ngakumbi iintaba-mlilo kunye neenyikima. Ngokusekwe koku, iintaba-mlilo zinemvelaphi emithathu:
- Kuyenzeka ukuba ukungqubana kwamacwecwe kubeke enye phantsi kwenye de kufikelele kubunzulu apho iphelisa khona amanzi okanye inyibilike: kule meko kwenziwa i-magma ethi inyuke ngeentanda kwaye kuqhume intaba-mlilo, njengakwiintaba-mlilo zasePeru.
- Imijelo ehambisa umhlaba inefuthe ekuveliseni iiplma zemagma, enyusa intaba-mlilo yendalo esisiseko (ebizwa ngokuba zii-basalts). Ezi ziindawo ezishushu zeentaba-mlilo.
- Ezo ndawo apho iipleyiti zeetekoni ziyahluka kwenye zibizwa ngokuba yimida eyahlukeneyo, kwaye zibangela ukuba ulwandle lolwandle lolule kwaye lwahlukane, lwenze indawo ebuthathaka. Kwelo cala, kunokwenzeka ukuba i-magma ivele, ivelise ingubo ephezulu ye-volcano, njengoko kusenzeka kummango weAtlantic.
