Umxholo
Aoxide Yikhompawundi yeekhemikhali evela kwindibaniselwano ye isinyithi element okanye i-non-metallic eneoksijini. Ekuqulunqweni kweekhemikhali, i-reagent (isinyithi + ioksijini) ithathwa kwicala lasekhohlo kunye nemveliso eyenziwe kuyo kwicala lasekunene. Umzekelo, indibaniselwano ye-calcium kunye neoksijini ziya kuvelisa ngokuchanekileyo i-calcium oxide.
Ngapha koko, ngesiqhelo oxides Zenziwe kwimeko apho izinto zeekhemikhali zidibana nomoya okanye amanzi, anobukho obukhulu beoksijini: oku kubangela ukunxiba kwizinto, ngakumbi xa kuziwa iintsimbi. Ukulungisa oku, izinto zokulwa ne-antioxidant zihlala zisetyenziswa.
Ngaphakathi kwee-oxides, ukwahlula kuhlala kwenziwa ngokwento edityaniswa neoksijini:
- I-oxides ezisisisekoImveliso edibeneyo yokudibanisa into yentsimbi eneoksijini.
- Iasidi oxidiImveliso edityanisiweyo yokudityaniswa kwento engenakulinganiswa neoksijini.
- I-oxide ye-Amphoteric: Into ye-amphoteric iyabandakanyeka kwikhompawundi, ke ii-oxides zisebenza njengeasidi okanye iziseko.
Uluhlu lwamagama
Ukuthiya ezi ntlobo zezinto, zintathu iindlela zokwenza oku:
Inkqubo ye- amagama emveli (okanye stoichiometric): Nguye lowo ubiza i-valence yento ethile ngegama, ngothotho lwezimaphambili kunye nezimamva. Indlela nganye ebizwa ngayo i-oxide iyahluka ngokwenani le-valence enayo.
- Xa into ine-valence enye kuphela, i-oxide iya kubizwa ngokuba yi 'oxide (kunye nento enesimamva esakhelweyo' ico ', njenge potassium oxide)’
- Xa into ine-valence ezimbini, i-oxide iya kubizwa ngokuba yi 'oxide (kunye ne element enesimamva esakhelweyo' ico ', njenge i-ferric oxideYeyona valence inkulu, kunye 'ne-oxide (kunye nenxalenye yesimamva esakhelwe-ngaphakathi' njengebhere ', intsimbi eyintsimbi)’
- Xa into ine-valence ezintathu, i-oxide iya kubizwa ngokuba 'yi-oxide (kwaye isiqalelo esisisimaphambili' hiccup 'kunye nesimamva' ibhere ', njenge oksayidi egaziniOkweyona valence isezantsi, iya kubizwa ngokuba yi 'oxide (kunye nenxalenye yesimamva' sebhere ', njenge isalfure oxide) ye-valence ephakathi, kunye 'ne-oxide (kunye negama elinesisimamva esigxunyekwe' ico ', njenge isalfure oxide)’
- Xa into ine-valence ezine, i-oxide iya kubizwa:
- 'I-oxide (kunye ne-element ene-prefix' hiccup 'kunye nesimamva' bear ')' kwi-valence ephantsi. Njengokuba, oxidehypochlorous.
- 'I-oksidi (kunye ne-elementi enesimamva' ibhere ') kweleyona valence yesibini incinci. Njengokuba, i-chloride oxide.
- 'I-oksidi (kunye ne-elementi enesimamva esakhelweyo' '') 'kwi-valence yesibini enkulu. Njengokuba, ikloridi oxide.
- 'I-oxide (kunye ne-elementi ene-prefix' nganye 'kunye nesimamva' ')' kwi-valence enkulu. Njengokuba, i-perchloric oxide.
Inkqubo ye- Isichazi-magama esichanekileyo Ilula kuneyesiko, kwaye i-oxide kunye negama zibizwa ngamagama, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba nganye ibhalwe inani lee-athomu elinalo kuloo molekyuli. Isimaphambili 'mono' siyakuba se-atom enye, isimaphambili 'di' kubini, 'u-tri' wesithathu, 'i-tetra' yesine, i-'penta 'yesihlanu, i-'hexa' yesithandathu, i ' hepta 'isixhenxe kunye' octo 'ezisibhozo. Eli qela libandakanya, umzekelo i-dichopper monoxide, idialuminium trioxide, umoya omdaka, okanye i-difluorine monoxide.
Inkqubo ye- Igama lesitokhweOkokugqibela, isekwe ekubhaleni igama elithi oxide, lilandelwe ligama lesinyithi kunye neoksijini okanye inombolo ye-valence esebenza ngayo, kubazali nakumanani amaRoma. Ngokudibeneyo kwisinenclature yemveli, iya kubhalwa i-chlorine (I) i-oxide i-oxide ye-hypochlorous, i-chlorine (II) i-oxide i-chloride oxide, i-chlorine (III) i-oxide i-chloric oxide, kunye i-chlorine (IV) i-oxide i-perchloric oxide.
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