Umxholo
Inkqubo ye- Uhlobo lokubaliswa luhlobo loncwadi oluhlaziya ilizwe eliyintsomi ngokwembono yombalisi. Nangona amabali anokukhuthazwa yinyani, ayinyani njengoko ehambisa iinkcazo kunye neembono eziya kuhlala ziyingqondo.
Uhlobo lokubalisayo luhlala lubhalwa kwiprozi, nangona kukho iimeko ezithile zemibongo ebalisayo, ezinje nge "Martín Fierro" okanye "La Llíada".
Umnikeli woluhlobo lokubalisa ubizwa ngokuba ngumlandisi, iziko elithetha kwaye linxibelelanise iziganeko ngokwembono ethile. Umbalisi unokusebenzisa umntu wokuqala (ukwenza ukusondela ngakumbi kwiinyani), umntu wesibini (ukuseka ubudlelwane nomfundi) okanye umntu wesithathu (ukuvelisa umbono ojolise ngakumbi nangakumbi).
Kuhlobo lokubaliswa, umsebenzi wolwimi okhethwayo ubalasele, kuba ubalisa ibali ngesihloko esithile okanye isalathiso (esinokuba yinyani okanye siyintsomi).
Ezinye iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zoncwadi luhlobo lweengoma, ezibonisa iimvakalelo okanye imo yengqondo, kunye nohlobo lomdlalo weqonga, olubhalwe kwincoko yababini kwaye yenzelwe ukumelwa.
- Bona kwakho: Umbalisi wokuqala, owesibini nowesithathu
Iingxelo ezibalaseleyo zezi:
- Uluhlu. Inomlinganiswa wasentsomini njengoko ibalisa ngezinto ezenziwa ngamaqhawe, oothixo kunye nezinto zentsomi.
- Cula isenzo. Yifom ye-epic enikezelwe kugonyamelo lwee-knights zamaXesha Aphakathi. Babizwa ngokuba "ziingoma" kuba zazidluliswa ngabadlali beengoma ababefunda la mabali, ngenxa yokungafundi koluntu lwelo xesha (inkulungwane ye-11 neye-12).
- Ibali. Ihlala ibhalwa kwiprozi kwaye ibonakaliswa ngobufutshane bayo, inani elincinci labalinganiswa bayo kunye nokulula kwengxoxo yayo.
- Inoveli. Kude kunebali, libalisa ukulandelelana kweziganeko kwaye lichaza abalinganiswa abaliqela kulwakhiwo olunzima ngakumbi. Incwadana ihlala ihleli, ubuncinci inxenye, yintsomi. Nokuba iinoveli zembali, nangona zibalisa ngeziganeko zokwenyani, ziqulathe iinyani kunye neendinyana zeentsomi.
- Umzekeliso. Nangona imfutshane kunentsomi, ikwafuna ukuhambisa imfundiso ngokusebenzisa isifaniso.
- Igosa. Libali elithandwayo elisekwe kwisiganeko sokwenyani, kodwa ngokudibanisa okungaphaya kwendalo okuchaza iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobomi bemihla ngemihla. Zidluliselwa ngomlomo ngokwesiko, nangona okwangoku ziye zahlanganiswa zashicilelwa.
- Intsomi. Ibalisa ibali elifutshane elihlala lineenkwenkwezi zezilwanyana ezineempawu zomntu njengokukwazi ukuthetha, ukucinga ngokufanelekileyo okanye ukuthandana. Iintsomi ziqulathe imfundiso ebizwa ngokuba "kukuziphatha" kwaye zenzelwe ukudlulisela isimilo kuluntu.
Imizekelo yohlobo lokubaliswa
- Umvundla noFudo. Umzekelo wentsomi.
Kudala-dala kwakukho umvundla owawungenamsebenzi ngenxa yesantya sawo. Wayesoloko ehlekisa ngokucotha kofudo. Ufudo aluzange lukuhoye ukungcikivwa kwalo, de ngenye imini yamcela umngeni kugqatso. Umvundla wamangaliswa kakhulu, kodwa wamkela.
Izilwanyana zahlanganiselwa ukujonga umdyarho kwaye amanqaku okuqala kunye nokugqiba amiselwa. Ukuqala komdyarho, umvundla wanika ufudo ilothe ende, ngelixa wayehlekisa ngayo. Emva koko waqala wabaleka kwaye waludlulisa ufudo ngokulula kakhulu. Besekufeni wema kwaye waphumla. Kodwa engaqondanga walala.
Ngeli xesha, ufudo luye lwaqhubeka ukuqhubela phambili kancinci, kodwa lungayeki. Uvukile umvundla, ufudo lwalungamanyathelo nje ambalwa ukusuka kumgca wokugqibela, nangona umvundla wabaleka ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, wasilela ukuphumelela ugqatso.
Umvundla wafunda izifundo ezibalulekileyo ngaloo mini. Wafunda ukuba angahlekisi ngabanye, kuba akukho mntu unokuthathwa njengongaphezulu kwabanye. Ukongeza, wafumanisa ukuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukugcina umzamo rhoqo xa useta iinjongo.
- Eminye imizekelo kwi: Iintsomi eziMfutshane
- I-odyssey. Umzekelo we-epic kwindinyana.
(Iqhekeza: Intlanganiso yeUlysses eneentsimbi)
Ngeli xesha inqanawa eqinileyo kwindlela yayo elula
Wajongana neeSirens: waphefumla umoya owonwabileyo
kodwa ngequbuliso waphela loo moya, ukuzola okunzulu
waziva ejikeleze: uthixo othile wawanyanzela amaza.
Asuka ke amadoda am asonga iseyile;
bayiphosa ezantsi kwesikhephe, kwaye, behleli kwisikhephe,
balwenza mhlophe ulwandle ngogwebu ngemihlakulo epholileyo.
Ngeli xesha ndithathe ubhedu olubukhali, ndasika isonka se-wax
kwaye, ndiqhekeza amaqhekeza amancinci, bendibacofa
ngesandla sam esomeleleyo: bakhawuleza bathamba, babenjalo
ndinamandla eminwe yam kunye nomlilo welanga ovela phezulu.
Nganye nganye amadoda am nabo ndivale iindlebe zam
, nabo, bandibopha imilenze nezandla
kwimasti, ngqo, ngeentsontelo ezomeleleyo, emva koko
ukubetha ngeentsimbi zokubhexa babuyela kulwandle olwalunogwebu.
Ngoku unxweme lwalungekho ngaphezulu kokufikelela kwisikhalo
kwaye inqanawa yokuhamba ngenqanawa yabhabha, endaweni yoko baqonda
I-Sirens yadlula yaza yaphakamisa ingoma yabo kamnandi:
"Yiza apha, sinike imbeko, Ulysses ozukileyo,
yokuhamba kwakho thintela umdla wokuva ingoma yethu,
kuba akukho mntu kwisikhephe sakhe esimnyama odlula apha engahoyanga
kweli lizwi liphuma kubusi obuswiti kwimilebe yethu.
Nabani na oyimamelayo ngolonwabo uyazi izinto eziliwaka:
imisebenzi siyayazi ukuba apho ngeTroad kunye namasimi ayo
oothixo babeke amandla kwiiTrojans nakwiiArgives
Kwaye kwenzeka ntoni naphina emhlabeni ochumileyo ".
Bathethile ke, bekhupha ilizwi elimnandi nasesifubeni sam
Bendirhalela ukubava. Ndifinge iintshiya zam ndayalela
vumela amadoda am akhulule ubukhoboka bam; begwedla begobile
ngokuchasene nesikhephe kunye nokuma kwePerimedes kunye ne-Eurylochus, ukuphosa
Iintsontelo ezintsha zazindinyanzela ngenkani.
Xa sigqibele sibashiya ngasemva kwaye ibingasavakali
Naliphi na ilizwi okanye ingoma kaSirens, abahlobo bam abathembekileyo
basuse i-wax ebendinayo ezindlebeni zabo
ndibekwe xa ndifikayo kwaye yandikhulula kwimixokelelwane yam.
- Ingoma kaRoldán. Umzekelo wezenzo zokucula.
(Isiqwenga)
UOliveros unyuke induli. Jonga ngasekunene kwakho, kwaye ubone umkhosi wabangakholwayo uhamba phambili kwintlambo enengca. Ngokukhawuleza ubiza uRoldán, iqabane lakhe, aze athi:
-Ndiva amarhe akhule kangaka evela kwicala laseSpain, ndibona ukuphakama okuninzi kukhanya kwaye iminqwazi emininzi iyakhazimla! Le mikhosi iya kubeka isiFrentshi sethu kwingxaki enkulu. UGanelon wayesazi kakuhle, umngcatshi ophantsi osinyulileyo phambi komlawuli.
"Thula, Oliveros," kuphendula uRoldán; Ungutata wam wesibini kwaye andifuni ukuba uphinde uthethe ngaye!
UOliveros unyukele phezulu. Amehlo akhe atyhutyha lonke ubukumkani baseSpain kunye neeSaracens ezihlanganisene kwisihlwele esikhulu. Izigcina-ntloko, ekubekwe kuzo igolide amatye axabisekileyo, kunye namakhaka, kunye nentsimbi yeendawo eziphakamileyo ziyakhazimla, kunye neepiki kunye neigonon eziboshwe kwikhaka. Akakwazi nokudibanisa amaqela ahlukeneyo omkhosi: zininzi kangangokuba ulahlekelwe kukubala. Entliziyweni yakhe, uziva ephazamiseka kakhulu. Ngokukhawuleza njengoko imilenze yakhe ivumela, uyehla endulini, asondele amaFrentshi abaxelele yonke into ayaziyo.
Ndibabonile abangakholwayo, utshilo uOliveros. Akuzange kubekho namnye umntu owakha wabona isihlwele esikhulu kangaka emhlabeni. Kukho ikhulu lamawaka eliphambi kwethu liphethe ikhaka engalweni, libophe isigcina-ntloko sigqunywe ngesikrweqe esimhlophe; Amakhaka awo ahonjisiweyo, ngentsimbi. Kuya kufuneka ulwe idabi elingazange labonwa ngaphambili. Manene aseFrance, uThixo anincede! Melana ngokuqinileyo, ukuze bangasoyisi!
AmaFrentshi athi:
-Okubi obalekayo! Kude kube sekufeni, akukho namnye kuthi oya kukukhumbula!
- Intyatyambo yeCeibo. Umzekelo welivo.
Ngaphambi kokufika kweSpanish ukuya eMelika, ibhinqa eliselula eligama linguAnahí lalihlala kunxweme loMlambo iParaná. Wayengekho mhle ngokukodwa, kodwa ukucula kwakhe kwabonwabisa bonke abemi belali yakhe.
Ngenye imini kwafika abahlaseli baseSpain, bayitshabalalisa idolophu bathimba abemi abasindayo kolo hlaselo. UAnahí wayengomnye wabo. Ngobo busuku, xa umgcini-ntolongo walalayo, uAnahí wamhlaba ngemela waza wasinda. Nangona kunjalo, wabanjwa kungekudala emva koko waziphindezela ngokuvukela kwakhe, bambophelela emthini bamtshisa.
Nangona kunjalo, endaweni yokutyiwa, uAnahí wajika waba ngumthi. Ukusukela ngoko bekukho i-ceibo, umthi oneentyatyambo ezibomvu.
- Eminye imizekelo kwi: Iintsomi
- Intliziyo yokubalisanguEdgar Allan Poe. Umzekelo webali.
Nika ingqalelo ngoku. Undithatha njengegeza. Kodwa abantu abaphambeneyo abazi nto. Endaweni ... ukuba bebendibonile! Ukuba ungabona indlela endikhawuleze ngayo! Ngoluphi ukhathalelo ... Zange ndakhe ndanobubele endodeni endala kuneveki engaphambi kokuba ndimbulale. Rhoqo ebusuku malunga nentsimbi yeshumi elinambini, bendimane ndijika isiphatho somnyango wakhe ndize ndiwuvule… oh, kancinci!
Kwaye emva koko, xa ukuvula kwakukhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba kudlule intloko, wayephakamisa isibane esisithulu, sivale, sivale ngokupheleleyo, ukuze kungabikho kukhanya kubonakala, kwaye emva kwaso wayegqitha entloko. Owu, ngewa wahleka xa ubona indlela ajike ngobuqhetseba ngayo intloko yakhe! Wayishukumisa kancinci… kakhulu, kancinci, ukuze ingaphazamisi ukulala kwexhego. Ndithathe iyure yonke ukutyhala intloko yam yonke indlela evulekileyo emnyango, ndade ndambona elele ebhedini yakhe. Hee? Ngaba umntu ophambeneyo wayenokuba nobulumko njengam?
Kwaye xa intloko yakhe igcwele ngaphakathi egumbini, wayevula isibane ngononophelo… oh, lumka kakhulu! Ewe, wayevula isibane ngononophelo (kuba iihenjisi zazizele), wayeyivula ngokwaneleyo ukuze ilitha elinye lokukhanya liwele kwiliso lamaxhalanga. Kwaye oku ndikwenzile ubusuku obude obusixhenxe ... busuku ngabunye, ngentsimbi yeshumi elinambini ... kodwa bendisoloko ndifumana iliso lam livaliwe, yiyo loo nto bekungenakwenzeka ukuba ndiqhubeke nomsebenzi wam, kuba ayinguye umdala lowo Undicaphukisile, kodwa iliso elibi.
Kwaye kusasa, eqala nje usuku, wangena ngokungenaloyiko egumbini lakhe wathetha naye ngokuzimisela, ebiza igama lakhe ngelizwi elinobubele kwaye ebuza ukuba ulale njani ubusuku. Uyabona, bekuya kufuneka ndibengumfo okrelekrele kakhulu ukukrokrela ukuba busuku ngabunye, ngokuchanekileyo ishumi elinambini, bendizokumjonga ngelixa elele.
- Umzekeliso woMhlwayeli. IVangeli ngokukaMateyu oyiNgcwele.
Ngaloo mini uYesu wemka ekhaya, waya kuhlala ngaselwandle. Kwahlanganisana kuye isihlwele esikhulu, kwanyanzeleka ukuba anyuke aye kuhlala emkhombeni, ngelixa isihlwele sonke sasimi elunxwemeni. Wathetha kubo iindawo ezininzi ngemizekeliso, esithi, Yabonani, umhlwayeli waphuma waya kuhlwayela. Xa wayifaka, enye yawela ecaleni kwendlela zeza iintaka zayitya. Enye yawa endaweni elulwalwa, apho ibingenamhlaba mninzi; ithe ke, lakuphuma ilanga, yoma kwaphela, ngenxa yokuba ingenazingcambu. Yimbi yawa phakathi kwemithana enameva; Ameva akhula ayiminxa. Kwelinye icala, enye yawela kumhlaba olungileyo, yavelisa iziqhamo, yanye, enye yangamashumi amathandathu, enye yafumana amashumi amathathu.
Wonke umntu olivayo ilizwi lobukumkani, engaliqondi, uyafika ongendawo, akuhluthe okuhlwayelwe entliziyweni yakhe; le nto ihlwayelwe endleleni. Lowo ke uhlwayelwa ezindaweni ezilulwalwa, ngulo ulivayo ilizwi, alamkele kwaoko ngovuyo; kodwa ayinangcambu iyodwa, kodwa iyajikajika, kwaye ukuba kuthi kwakufika imbandezelo okanye intshutshiso ngenxa yelizwi, ikhutyekiswe kwaoko, iwe. Okuhlwayelwa emithaneni enameva, ngulo ulivayo ilizwi, kodwa amaxhala eli hlabathi kunye nokulukuhla kobutyebi kuliminxa ilizwi kwaye lihlala linyumba. Okuhlwayelweyo kuwo umhlaba omhle lowo, ngulo ulivayo ilizwi aliqonde, athwale isiqhamo aze avelise ikhulu, okanye amashumi amathandathu, okanye amashumi amathathu.
- Imfazwe noxolo, Ngu-Leon Tolstoi. Umzekelo wenoveli.
(Isiqwenga)
Injongo yam ngomso ayizukuba kukuqhuba nokubulala kodwa kukuthintela amajoni am ukuba abaleke uloyiko oluza kubahlasela mna nabo. Injongo yam iya kuba kukuba bahambe kunye kwaye boyikise amaFrentshi kunye namaFrentshi ukuba oyike phambi kwethu. Akuzange kwenzeke kwaye ngekhe kwenzeke ukuba iirejimenti ezimbini zingqubane kwaye zalwa kwaye akunakwenzeka. (Babhala malunga ne-Schengraben ukuba saxabana namaFrentshi ngaloo ndlela. Ndandikhona. Kwaye akuyonyani: amaFrentshi abalekile). Ukuba babedibene ngebebesilwa de kubhubhe wonke umntu okanye kwenzakale, kwaye lonto ayisoze yenzeke.
- Qhubeka ne: Iindidi zoncwadi
