Ukuvela kwetekhnoloji yenye yeenkqubo ezinomdla kakhulu eziye zaneentlobo zabantu njenge-protagonist yayo, kuba iinguqu bezishukunyiswa ziimfuno zokuba abantu baphakamise ngokuhambelana nenkqubela phambili yobomi emhlabeni. Kumanqanaba okuqala, uguquko lwenziwe kancinci, ngelixa kumashumi eminyaka adlulileyo uguquko luqale indlela yokukhula okubonakalayo.
Kungenxa yoko le nto igama 'Itekhnoloji yakudala'Iyavuma ukuphindaphindwa kweenqobo zokugweba, kude kakhulu nombuzo obhinqileyo phakathi' kokungoku 'kunye' nokudala ': ngexesha lethu, itekhnoloji yangoku inokuba indala ngeentsuku nje ezimbalwa.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuqala ukulinganisa umgaqo wokwahlula ubuchwepheshe bamanduloKulungele ukuzoba imbonakalo emfutshane kwimbali yendaleko yetekhnoloji, endaweni yayo kubudlelwane noluntu.
- Imbali: Ngamaxesha angaphambi kokubhalwa kwembali, kwaye kude kube malunga ne-7000 BC, itekhnoloji yayiyeyokuqala kwaye iphila ngokuphakathi kwayo. Abantu babengabazingeli-abazingeli, kwaye kuloo ndlela yokuphila iitekhnoloji zokuqala zazingaphantsi kokuphila, ukufumana ukutya nokuzilungiselela. Ukuvela komlilo kunye nezinye izixhobo zamatye zibhaliwe kwesi sikhokelo. Njengokuba ilixesha elide, intshayelelo yokuqala ngakwindlela yezothutho, kunye nokufunyanwa kwevili, ezolimo kunye nezinyithi zibhalisiwe apha.
- Itekhnoloji yobugcisaItekhnoloji yezobugcisa yeyona ingadingi kulamlo lwezixhobo, okanye izixhobo ezilula kakhulu. Iindlela zobugcisa, nangona kunjalo, zaphuculwa, ngelixa izakhono zobuchule njengeengqondi zaphuhla zagqitha. Nangona eli nqanaba lingabonakali intshayelelo kwinani elikhulu lokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwephesha, umbono wethiyori yendlela obaluleke ngayo.
- Itekhnoloji yoomatshini: Ivela ngokuchanekileyo ngoHlaziyo lwezoShishino, kwaye yafuna ukuqhubela phambili kunye nokwenza izinto ngokwenzululwazi. Imigaqo ebiqeshwe yayiqhelekile ngokwesayensi kunye nobuchwephesha, kwaye umatshini wakwazi ukuqala ukubonelela ngamandla ebekade ethintelwe ebantwini. Uqoqosho olusekwe kwimisebenzi yezandla luye lwathatyathelwa indawo lolunye olwalulawulwa lushishino nokuvelisa, kwaye nangona abanye beqhankqalaza bekholelwa ekubeni ukusebenza kwabantu kuyakunyamalala, ekugqibeleni oko akwenzekanga.
- Imeko yetekhnoloji yobugcisa: Ukuqala ngo-1950, indlela entsha yetekhnoloji yaqala ukwenzeka, iteknoloji ‘ekugqibeleni'. Apha ufuna kuphela umqhubi omnye kwaye ngamanye amaxesha akukho, oomatshini baphuculwa kakhulu kwaye iinkqubo zokwenza iinkqubo zawunciphisa kakhulu umsebenzi. Ukuveliswa kwemisa ngobuninzi ngokuyinxenye kunokubulelwa kwezi zaziso, zinemiphumo emininzi yezoqoqosho eziyivelisayo.
- Itekhnoloji ezinzileyo: Ukususela ngo-1990 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iteknoloji yinxalenye yenkqubo Ubunzima bendalo esingqongileyo uxanduva lwayo ngokuyinxalenye, olungumceli mngeni ophambili kukuzinza. Iitekhnoloji ziguqulwe ukuze zibe nokuzinzileyo nokusingqongileyo.
Ke, itekhnoloji ibonakala ihlala iguqukile kwindlela yokufumana kwangaphambili, kude kube lixesha langoku xa ezinye iikhrayitheriya zibonakala zibalulekile. Kukule meko ke apho umxholo othi ‘Itekhnoloji ecocekileyo'Kulabo bahambelana nophuhliso oluzinzileyo, ukuba badala konke oko kungenjalo.
Inkqubo ye- ubuchwepheshe bamandulo Zizo ezo, ngokwenza okanye ukushiya, zivelisa ukonakaliswa kwendalo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwazo. Ezona zixhaphakileyo kukuchaphazeleka kwendalo, ukwanda kwentlango, ungcoliseko, ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma. Nayi eminye imizekelo yezo teknoloji:
- Iindlela zothutho ezisebenzisa ioyile kunye nezinto ezivela kuyo.
- Iinkqubo zetekhnoloji ezivelisa isixa esikhulu senkunkuma ye-elektroniki.
- Abo basebenzisa amandla enyukliya kunye namandla eatom.
- Izixhobo zefowuni kunye nezixhobo zazo, zombini kwii-eriyali nakwiibhetri.
- Iimoya zomoya.
- Izixhobo ezisebenzisa ibhetri ezingcolisa amanzi amaninzi.
- Zonke izixhobo ezenziwe ngeeplatelets, ezinee-chromium ezincinci.
- Imisebenzi yezoshishino evelisa inkunkuma.
- Iimoto, eziphuma kwiigesi.
- Iiprinta zeLaser, ezingcolisa umoya.
- Imveliso yeplastiki, ngakumbi iPvv, kwizinga elikhulu.
- Izikrini ezigcweleyo, ezikhupha iigesi eziyingozi emoyeni.
- Iimveliso kubandakanya iibhetri.
- Imisebenzi ebandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweeerosol.
- Umsebenzi wezolimo kusetyenziswa amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi kunye nokubulala ukhula.
