Izilwanyana eziphefumla ngemiphunga

Umxholo

• Ukuphefumla kwemiphunga kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo
• Ukuphefumla kwemiphunga kwii-amphibians
• Ukuphefumula kwemiphunga kwizirhubuluzi
• Ukuphefumla kwemiphunga kwiintaka
• Imizekelo yezilwanyana ezanyisayo eziphefumla imiphunga
• Imizekelo yokuphefumla kwamaphaphu kunye nezirhubuluzi
• Imizekelo yeentaka eziphefumla imiphunga

Ukuphefumla yinkqubo apho izinto eziphilayo zifumana khona ioksijini ukuze ziphile. Ingaba yimiphunga, i-branchial, i-tracheal okanye i-cutaneous. Ezinye izilwanyana zinohlobo olunye lokuphefumla ngaxeshanye.

Inkqubo ye- ukuphefumla kwemiphunga Yenziwa zizilwanyana ezanyisayo (kubandakanya abantu), iintaka, kunye nezirhubuluzi ezininzi kunye nasemanzini. Njengokuba: umvundla, isikhova, icikilishe, isele.

Zizinto eziphilayo ze-aerobic, iiseli zazo ezifuna ioksijini ukuze ziphile. Ngexesha lokuphefumla kwemiphunga, imiphunga (amalungu aphakathi alolu hlobo lokuphefumla) atshintshisa iigesi phakathi kwesilwanyana kunye nemeko yomoya. Umzimba uphefumlela empumlweni okanye emlonyeni ioksijini ekufuneka iiseli zisebenze kwaye iphelise icarbon dioxide eziyilahlileyo.

Ukuphefumla kwemiphunga kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo

Ukuphefumla kwemiphunga yemammalia, ioksijini ingena emzimbeni wesilwanyana ngomlomo okanye ngempumlo. Idlula kwi-pharynx, larynx, trachea kwaye ekugqibeleni ifikelele kwimiphunga nge-bronchi. Ngaphakathi emiphungeni, isebe lebronchi liphuma lize lenze i-bronchioles ephela kwi-alveoli, iingxowa ezincinci apho kutshintshiselana khona ioksijini kunye nekhabhon diokside. Ngexesha lokuphefumla, imiphunga iyadibana kwaye iyaxhuma.

Ioksijini isetyenziswa kwiiseli zegazi (iiseli ezibomvu zegazi) ezisasazwa kuwo wonke umzimba yinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi, ekhutshwa yindlela enye eyahlukileyo yecarbon dioxide.

Ukuphefumla kwemiphunga kwii-amphibians

Ii-Amphibians zizidalwa ezinomqolo ezinokuhlala kuzo zombini iindawo eziphila emanzini nasemhlabeni, ngenxa yesi sizathu, iintlobo ezininzi ziphefumla ngolusu lwazo xa zisemanzini, nangemiphunga yazo xa zisemhlabeni.

Ama-Amphibians ahlangabezana ne-metamorphosis kulo lonke ukukhula kwawo. Kwinqanaba layo lokuphefumula, ukuphefumula yi-gill. Imiphunga kunye nemilenze yama-amphibians ayakhula xa efikelela kwinqanaba elincinci.

Ii-Amphibians zifumana ioksijini ngeempumlo nangomlomo. Banemiphunga emibini enefaveoli.

Ukuphefumula kwemiphunga kwizirhubuluzi

Ukuphefumla kwezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo kufana nezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Bafunxa umoya ngeempumlo okanye ngomlomo othi ugqithe kwi-pharynx, kwingqula, kwitrachea ukufikelela kwimiphunga eyahlulwe yazi-septa.

Uninzi lwezirhubuluzi zinemiphunga emibini. Ezinye iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo njengezinyoka zinye kuphela.

Izirhubuluzi zasemanzini eziphefumla ngemiphunga zifumana ioksijini kumphezulu kwaye ziyigcine kwimiphunga yazo ukuze zisetyenziswe xa ziphantsi kwamanzi.

Ukuphefumla kwemiphunga kwiintaka

Uninzi lweentaka zeentaka lunemiphunga emibini emincinci apho kutshintshiselwa igesi khona. Iintaka zifuna isixa esikhulu seoksijini esizisebenzisayo ukubhabha. Ngokungafaniyo nemiphunga yezilwanyana ezanyisayo, imiphunga yeentaka ayinayo i-alveoli kodwa i-parabronchi, ejongene notshintshiselwano ngegesi.

Umoya ungena emzimbeni ngomlomo okanye ngempumlo ungene kumbhobho womoya, emva koko udlulise inxenye ukuya emiphungeni kwaye inxalenye iye kwiingxowa zomoya. Iingxowa zomoya zizakhiwo ezinazo iintaka, zinxibelelana nemiphunga kwaye zigcina umoya. Oku kubenza banciphise ubunzima babo ukuze banike amandla ngakumbi ngexesha lokubaleka. Iingxowa zomoya zigcina imiphunga ihlala ingena umoya.

Imizekelo yezilwanyana ezanyisayo eziphefumla imiphunga

Imizekelo yokuphefumla kwamaphaphu kunye nezirhubuluzi

Imizekelo yeentaka eziphefumla imiphunga

Landela ngo:

• Izilwanyana ezinokuphefumla kwetracheal
• Izilwanyana eziphefumla ulusu
• Izilwanyana eziphefumlayo