Izimbiwa

Umxholo

• Iidipozithi zezimbiwa
• Ezinye izimbiwa zikhona kwindalo
• Unokukukhonza
• Iindidi zezimbiwa
• Iipropati

Inkqubo ye- izimbiwaZizinto ezingaphiliyo zokwenziwa kweekhemikhali, ezifumaneka kumatye ahlukeneyo avela kwiinkqubo zokwehla komhlaba.

Nangona ezinye izimbiwa zenziwe ngento enye (iiminerali zemveli), uninzi lwazo lwenziwe ukusuka iimpendulo zamachiza ezenzeke kumanqanaba okuqala oMhlaba kwakudala kwaye zibandakanya izinto ezahlukeneyo zemichiza.

Izimbiwa eziphambili zihambelana neentsapho zamachiza ze ii-sulfide, ii-sulfates kunye nee-sulfosalts; Kukwakho neeminerali ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo oxides, carbonates, nitrate, borates, phosphates kwaye isilingi.

Inani lokudityaniswa okunokwenzeka izinto zemichiza iyamangalisa ngokwenene kwaye ichaza, ngokuyinxenye, uluhlu olukhulu lwe iimilo, imibala, ubukhulu kunye noburhabaxa thaca ngamaminerali. I-Atmospheric kunye nejoloji yeziganeko zichaphazele ezi nkqubo zokwenziwa.

Ingakukhonza:

• Imizekelo yeeGneous Rocks
• Imizekelo yeeTyuwa zeZimbiwa

Iidipozithi zezimbiwa

Inkqubo ye- iidipozithi zezimbiwa Oovimba bendalo bezinto ekufuneka uluntu lwangoku lwanelise iimfuno ezikhulayo ze ishishini.

Ukufikelela kwizimbiwa, kufuneka imigodiOko kukuthi, amaqula athe nkqo athi wona abe ziigalari ezithe tyaba.

Oku kuyasasazeka kulandela Imithombo yolwandle ufuna ukuxhaphaza, kodwa unokwenza nokumba imigodi evulekileyo, ukuba izimbiwa zininzi ngaphezulu.

Inkqubo ye- Imigodi ngumngcipheko omkhulu wokusebenza ngenxa yeengozi kunye nokungenampilo kakhulu, ngenxa yomnqweno wezinto ezicaphukisayo zendlela yokuphefumla.

Ezimbini iiminerali zidweliswe apha ngezantsi, njengomzekelo:

1. ikwayikopi: tyheli ngombala, ixesha elininzi lifumaneka kwifom enkulu. Phantse ezibini kwisithathu sobunzima bayo buhambelana nesinyithi kunye nobhedu, ke i-chalcopyrite isetyenziselwa isicelo sokwenza imveliso. Kwiimeko ezithile unokuba negolide kunye nesilivere, ke inzala kuyo iyanda.
2. azurite: sisimbiwa esithambileyo esinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, esidityaniswa ne-malachite, ihlala igubungela iiminerali ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo kwinxalenye ephezulu yedipozithi. Isetyenziswa njengelitye lokuhombisa kunye nombala.
3. malachite: ikhutshiwe kwilitye elithambileyo elineyona ndawo iphambili eZaire namhlanje. Kuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswe ubucwebe, nangona iipropati zonyango nazo zibangelwa kuyo.
4. magnetite: efumaneka kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zamatye e-igneous okanye e-metamorphic, yimbiwa yentsimbi. Inobunzima kwaye inzima, kwaye izinzile kakhulu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, eyenza ukuba ibe ngumkhuseli olungileyo kwimibhobho yokubilisa. Ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso kufikelela kulwakhiwo, apho kusetyenziswa khona ikhonkrithi.
5. igolide yemveli: Isinyithi esixabisekileyo esisetyenziswa ikakhulu kubucwebe kunye nakubakhi begolide, zikwasetyenziswa nakwizinto ze-elektroniki, kugqirha wamazinyo nakubugcisa beplastiki. Ixabiso layo eliphezulu linxibelelene nokunqongophala kunye nobunzima ekuyifumaneni, oku kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo.
6. aragonite: ngobuninzi bemibala, ifunyanwa kwimithambo ye-hydrothermal, ngokubanzi kwiimeko zobushushu obuphantsi. Ezinye iintlobo zisetyenziswa njengamatye okuhombisa.
7. indawo: yenziwa kwiindawo ezinemigxobhozo ezityebileyo kwizinto eziphilayo, inombala phakathi kombala omthubi namthubi noluhlaza. Ukubaluleka kwayo okusisiseko kukutsalwa kwentsimbi, yiyo loo nto ibonakala njengembiwa yezimbiwa kushishino lwentsimbi.
8. Ibauxite: Ilitye eliqulunqwe ikakhulu yi-alumina. Ngokubanzi kuyabharha kwaye kukhanya, kuthambile kwaye kufana nodongwe. Isetyenziswa njengezinto ezingafunekiyo ukufumana ialuminium, eyenza ukuba ibaluleke kakhulu, kuba ialuminium ibalulekile kwimizi mveliso eyahlukeneyo.
9. ecerussite: iza ngemibala phakathi komhlophe, ngwevu okanye mnyama, nangona isenokungabi namibala. Inxulunyaniswa neeminerali eziphambili ezinje nge-galena kunye ne-sphalerite, imele umthombo obalulekileyo wokufumana ukhokelo.
10. ipirite: izimbiwa ezifana negolide, zisetyenziselwa ukufumana i-acid ye-sulfuric acid. Ukufana kwazo negolide kuye kwaba ngumthombo wenkohliso, nangona emehlweni aqeqeshiweyo zizimbiwa ezimbini ezohlukileyo.
11. rhodochrosite: izimbiwa zidityaniswe ngombala we-magnesium carbonate, obomvu ukuya kupinki, obala kancinci. Ikho eArgentina, eUnited States naseRussia, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo ukusuka kwizacholo ukuya ekwenzeni kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo.
12. zwi: ayinambala engenabala, kodwa iyakwazi ukwamkela imibala eyahlukeneyo xa idityanisiwe. Inepropathi ye-piezoelectric (iphendula kwizenzo zoomatshini ngokuvelisa umbane), nesetyenziswa kwiziqalo zezixhobo. Yeyona izimbiwa ininzi kuqweqwe lomhlaba, kwaye iidiphozithi zaseBrazil zezona zixhaphakileyo kwihlabathi liphela.
13. feldspars: izimbiwa ezinzima kwaye zininzi, ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-900 ° C). Baye bakhonza kuphuhliso lwezibaso zewelding, nakwiglasi kunye nakwiceramics.
14. Imicrosoft emnyama: Ukwenza i-3.8% yomhlaba, ineempawu ezinje ngokuxhathisa ubushushu kunye namanzi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sisimbiwa esisisiseko kushishino. Iimoto zombane zenziwe nge-mica, enyibilika kuphela kumaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwe-1200 ° C.
15. i-olivine: ihlala iluhlaza ngombala, nangona ngamanye amaxesha ingenambala. Inobunzima kwaye ifunyenwe kwilitye lekalika le-dolamitic. Amatye ayiqulathileyo asetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezinto ezinokuphikisa, kwaye iindidi ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ziyafunwa njengexabiso lexabiso.
16. calcite: eyona ndawo iphambili yamabhastile kunye nolunye ulwakhiwo olunjalo. Isetyenziselwa ukukhupha ukungcola okungafunekiyo kwaye isetyenziswa kwishishini lokujonga izinto. Inokuba nemibala eyahlukeneyo.
17. cast: ikhutshwa kwimingxunya evulekileyo okanye emigodini engaphantsi komhlaba, ngokubanzi, ngemisebenzi efuna amandla amaninzi. Le minerali inokusetyenziswa okuninzi, kodwa ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo eyona iphambili kukudibanisa umxube osetyenzisiweyo kwishishini lokwakha.
18. isalfure: Ubumthubi obungesiso isinyithi. Inamandla amakhulu okutsha kwaye inyibilika emanzini kuzo zonke iintlobo zayo. Kuyinxalenye yemisebenzi emininzi yabantu.
19. iboraksiyikristale emhlophe enyibilika ngokulula emanzini. Ifunyenwe kwizicoci nakumayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi.
20. ityiwa yetyuwa: Iindawo ezinkulu zoMzantsi Merika zigutyungelwe ziiflethi zetyuwa eziqulathe iityuwa ezahlukileyo, kubandakanya isodiyam khoridayidi, enetyiwa yetyuwa ngazo.

Ezinye izimbiwa zikhona kwindalo

Unokukukhonza

• Imizekelo yeeGneous Rocks
• Imizekelo yeShishini eliNzima
• Imizekelo yeeTyuwa zeZimbiwa

Iindidi zezimbiwa

Izimbiwa zinokuba nohlobo lwe-microscopic e-odolwe, zilandela iphethini emiselweyo, okanye zilungelelaniswe, ngaphandle kwemilo okanye ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo.

Abokuqala babizwa amaminerali e-crystalline, Ezi zinto zenza ubungakanani bejometri ezinje ngeetyhubhu, iiprism, iipiramidi nezinye. Uninzi lwamatye abizwa ngokuba ngamatye axabisekileyo, asetyenziswa kwizinto zokuhombisa ubucwebe, abekwe apho. Imizuzwana yile amaminerali amorphous.

Kwakhona, zikhona isinyithi kunye neeminerali ezingezizo zesinyithi. Ukusuka ngaphambili, izinyithi ezibalulekileyo zinokufunyanwa ishishini, njengentsimbi, ubhedu okanye ilothe; le yokugqibela ikwabizwa ngokuba zizimbiwa i-petrogenetics, kuba zinxulunyaniswa namanye amaminerali enza amatye, kwaye anezicelo ezibalulekileyo, ngakumbi ukuphakanyiswa kwezinto ze ulwakhiwo njengekalika okanye isamente.

Iipropati

Iipropathi zezimbiwa zibalulekile ekusetyenzisweni kwazo. Ezi zihlala zihlelwe ngokweendidi ezintathu: ijiyometri, umzimba kunye neekhemikhali.

Ezona meko zininzi ekusebenziseni kwazo zi iipropati zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, ezibandakanya iimpawu zoomatshini ezinje ngobulukhuni okanye ukuqina; i-optical njengokuphinda ubuye kunye ne-electromagnetic njenge ukuqhuba nomtsalane ngemagnethi. I-Symmetry okanye ukukhanya kunokuba nomdla.