Umxholo
Ubushushu obuthile, ubushushu obunengqiqo, kunye nobushushu obufihlakeleyo bubungakanani bomzimba:
Inkqubo ye- ubushushu obuthile bento lixabiso lobushushu ekufuneka libonelelwe kwiyunithi ubunzima bento leyo ukuphakamisa ubushushu bayo ngeyunithi enye. Eloo mali lahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeka kubushushu obukuyo into phambi kobushushu obusetyenzisiweyo kuyo. Umzekelo, kuthatha ikhalori enye ukunyusa amanzi kwiqondo lobushushu ngeqondo elinye, kodwa ithatha kuphela ikhalori eyi-0.5 ukunyusa ubushushu bomkhenkce ukuya -5 degrees ngomgangatho omnye. Ubushushu obuthe ngqo buxhomekeke kuxinzelelo lwasemoyeni. Into efanayo kuxinzelelo lomoya ophantsi inobushushu obuphantsi obuthile. Imizekelo engezantsi iyasebenza kubushushu be-25 degrees kunye noxinzelelo lwe-1 atmosfera.
Inkqubo ye- ubushushu obunengqiqo Lixabiso lobushushu elinokufunyanwa ngumzimba ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ubume beemolekyuli. Ukuba ubume beemolekyuli abuguquki, imeko (eqinileyo, engamanzi, enerhasi) ayitshintshi. Kuba ubume beemolekyuli abuguquki, utshintsho kubushushu luyajongwa, yiyo loo nto kubizwa ngokuba bubushushu obunengqondo.
Inkqubo ye- ubushushu obufihlakeleyo Amandla (ubushushu) ayimfuneko kwinto ukuze itshintshe isigaba (sikarhulumente). Ukuba utshintsho lusuka kwinto eqinileyo luye kulwelo kuthiwa bubushushu bokudibanisa. Ukuba utshintsho lusuka kulwelo luye kwigesi, lubizwa ngokuba bubushushu bomphunga. Xa kusetyenziswa ubushushu kwinto efikelele kubushushu apho itshintsha khona imeko, akunakwenzeka ukuba ubushushu bonyuke, itshintsha nje imeko. Umzekelo, ukuba ubushushu buyaqhubeka nokusetyenziswa emanzini abilayo, ngekhe udlule kwi-100 ° C. Kuxhomekeka kwinto leyo, ubushushu obufihlakeleyo bunokulinganiswa ngokweekhalori ngokweegrama okanye ngokweekhilogram nganye ngekhilogremu (KJ).
Imizekelo yobushushu obuthile
- Amanzi (kwimeko engamanzi): 1 Ikhalori kwigrama nganye ukunyusa i-1 ° C
- IAluminiyam: 0.215 khalori kwigrama nganye
- I-Beryllium: 0.436 khalori kwigrama nganye
- I-Cadmium: 0.055 khalori kwigrama nganye
- Ubhedu. 0.0924 khalori ngegram nganye
- IGlycerin: 0.58 khalori kwigrama nganye
- Igolide: 0.0308 khalori kwigrama nganye
- Intsimbi: 0.107 khalori ngegrama nganye
- Ukukhokela: 0.0305 khalori ngegram nganye
- I-silicon: 0.168 khalori kwigrama nganye
- Isilivere: 0.056 khalori kwigrama nganye
- Potassium: 0.019 khalori kwigrama nganye
- I-Toluene: 0.380 khalori kwigrama nganye
- Iglasi: 0.2 khalori kwigrama nganye
- Imarble: 0.21 khalori kwigrama nganye
- Umthi: 0.41 khalori kwigrama nganye
- Utywala i-Ethyl: 0.58 khalori kwigrama nganye
- Imercury: ikhalori eyi-0.033 ngegram nganye
- Ioyile yomnquma: 0.47 yeekhalori ngegram nganye
- Isanti: 0.2 khalori kwigrama nganye
Imizekelo yobushushu obunengqiqo
- Faka ubushushu emanzini phakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-100 ° C
- Faka ubushushu kwi-tin engaphantsi kwe-240 ° C
- Faka ubushushu obukhokelayo obungaphantsi kwama-340 ° C
- Faka ubushushu kwi-zinc engaphantsi kwe-420 ° C
- Faka ubushushu kwialuminium engaphantsi kwama-620 ° C
- Faka ubushushu kubhedu olungaphantsi kwe-880 ° C
- Faka ubushushu kwi-nickel engaphantsi kwe-1450 ° C
Imizekelo yobushushu obufihlakeleyo
Amanzi. I-100 ° C ukuze ibe ngumphunga).
Isinyithi: ubushushu obufihlakeleyo be-fusion: iikhalori ezingama-50
I-Alumino: ubushushu obufihlakeleyo be-fusion: Iikhalori ezingama-85 / 322-394 KJ; Ubushushu obufihlakeleyo bomphunga: 2300 KJ.
Isalfure: ubushushu obufihlakeleyo be-fusion: 38 KJ; Ubushushu obufihlakeleyo bomphunga: 326 KJ.
ICobalt: ubushushu obufihlakeleyo be-fusion: 243 KJ
Ubhedu: ubushushu obufihlakeleyo be-fusion: iikhalori ezingama-43; Ubushushu obufihlakeleyo bomphunga: 2360 KJ.
I-Tin: ubushushu obufihlakeleyo be-fusion: I-14 yeekhalori / i-113 KJ
IPhenol: ubushushu obufihlakeleyo be-fusion: 109 KJ
Isinyithi: Ubushushu obufihlakeleyo be-fusion: 293 KJ; Ubushushu obufihlakeleyo bomphunga: 2360 KJ.
I-Magnesium: ubushushu obufihlakeleyo be-fusion: ii-calories ezingama-72
Imercury: ubushushu obufihlakeleyo be-fusion: 11.73 KJ; Ubushushu obufihlakeleyo bomphunga: 356.7 KJ.
I-Nickel: ubushushu obufihlakeleyo be-fusion: i-58 yeekhalori
Isilivere: ubushushu obufihlakeleyo be-fusion: 109 KJ
Ikhokele: ubushushu obufihlakeleyo be-fusion: Iikhalori ezi-6; Ubushushu obufihlakeleyo bomphunga: 870 KJ.
Ioksijini: ubushushu obufihlakeleyo be-fusion: 3.3 calories
Igolide: ubushushu obufihlakeleyo be-fusion: 67 KJ
I-Zinc: ubushushu obufihlakeleyo be-fusion: iikhalori ezingama-28
