Umxholo
- Amatye anqabileyo
- Imizekelo yamatye angenanto
- Amatye e-sedimentary
- Imizekelo yamatye e-sedimentary
- Amatye eMetamorphic
- Imizekelo yamatye e-metamorphic
Inkqubo ye- amatye Ngaba ngumbutho omnye okanye nangaphezulu izimbiwa. Ziveliswa ziinkqubo zejoloji. Iingxondorha zihlala ziguqulwa zizenzo zeejoloji ezahlukeneyo, ezinjengamanzi okanye umoya, kunye nezinto eziphilayo.
Inkqubo ye- amatye Ziye zahlulwa ngokweempawu zazo:
Amatye anqabileyo
Inkqubo ye- amatye angenanto ziziphumo ze ukuqinisa yemagma. IMagma sisimbiwa esityhidiweyo, oko kukuthi, sinobushushu obuthile. IMagma inezimbiwa zombini kunye neegesi ezingazinzanga kwaye zichithakele.
Amatye e-Igneous anokuthi angenelele okanye akhuphe:
- Inkqubo ye- amatye angenayo, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-plutonics, zezona zininzi kwaye zenza ezona ndawo zinzulu kuqweqwe lomhlaba.
- Inkqubo ye- amatye amakhulu, ekwabizwa ngokuba yintaba-mlilo, zenziwa ngenxa yokuphola kwodaka emhlabeni.
Imizekelo yamatye angenanto
- Granite (plutonic): ngwevu okanye bomvu umbala obomvu. Idityaniswe nge quartz, potassium feldspar kunye ne mica.
- Porphyry (plutonic): umbala obomvu ngombala. Yenziwe ngefeldspar kunye nequartz.
- IGabbro (plutonic): erhabaxa kubume. Iqukethe i-calcium plagioclase, i-pyroxene, i-olivine, i-hornblende kunye ne-hypersthene.
- I-Syenite (plutonic): yahlukile kwi-granite kuba ayiqulathanga i-quartz. Iqulethe i-feldspar, i-oligoclases, i-albite kunye nezinye izimbiwa.
- IGreenstone (plutonic): eliphakathi ekubunjweni: isibini kwisithathu seplagioclase kunye nesinye kwisithathu sezimbiwa ezimnyama.
- IPeridotite (plutonic): umbala omnyama kunye noxinano oluphezulu. Idityaniswe phantse yonke ipyroxene.
- Itoni (plutonic): yenziwe nge-quartz, plagioclase, hornblende, kunye ne-biotite.
- Ibasalt (volcanic): mnyama ngombala, owenziwe ngemagniziyam kunye neentsimbi zesilates, ukongeza kumxholo ophantsi wesilica.
- Andesite (volcanic): ngwevu emnyama okanye ephakathi ngombala. Yenziwe nge-plagioclase kunye neeminerali zeferromagnesic.
- Rhyolite (volcanic) yemibala emdaka, ngwevu okanye bomvu. Yenziwe nge-quartz kunye ne potassium feldspar.
- Dacite (i-volcanic): ephezulu kumxholo wentsimbi, yenziwe nge-plagioclase feldspar.
- Itraki (volcanic): yenziwe nge potassium feldspar kunye ne plagioclase, biotite, pyroxene kunye ne hornblende.
Amatye e-sedimentary
Inkqubo ye- amatye eentlenga Zenziwe ngotshintsho kunye nentshabalalo yamanye amatye awayekhona ngaphambili. Ngale ndlela, iidiphozithi eziyintsalela ziyenziwa ezinokuhlala kwindawo enye apho zivela khona okanye ezihanjiswa ngamanzi, ngumoya, ngumkhenkce okanye yimisinga yolwandle.
Amatye e-sedimentary akhiwa yi-diagenesis (ukuxinana, ukuqiniswa) kwe intlenga. Izidalwa ezahlukeneyo zenza umtya, oko kukuthi, umaleko owenziwe ngediphozithi.
Imizekelo yamatye e-sedimentary
- Umsantsa: ilitye le-sedrital sedrital, elenziwe ngamaqhekeza engxondorha angaphezulu kweemilimitha ezi-2. La maqhekeza adityaniswa nesamente yendalo.
- Ilitye lentlabathi: Ilitye lentambo yentsimbi edibeneyo, enemibala eyahlukeneyo, equlathe ubungakanani besanti.
- Umphunga: Ilitye lentlenga elonakeleyo. Yenziwe ngobutyobo obungqongqo, kumasuntswana ubukhulu bodongwe kunye nentlenga.
- Umthwalo: yenziwe ngecalcite kunye nodongwe. Ihlala imhlophe ngombala.
- Ikalika: iqulunqwe ikakhulu ngecalcium carbonate. Isenokuba mhlophe, mnyama okanye mdaka.
Amatye eMetamorphic
Inkqubo ye- Amatye eMetamorphic zezo ziveliswe kukuvela kwelitye elidlulileyo elalicinezelwe ngamandla kwindalo eyahlukileyo ukusuka ekubunjweni kwayo (umzekelo, kubanda kakhulu okanye kushushu kakhulu, okanye lutshintsho olukhulu kuxinzelelo).
I-Metamorphism inokuthi iqhubeke okanye iphinde ibuye. Inkqubela phambili yemetamorphism yenzeka xa iliwa liphantsi kobushushu obuphezulu okanye uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kodwa ngaphandle kokunyibilika.
Uguquko lwe-metamorphism lwenzeka xa ilitye lavela kubunzulu obukhulu (apho kukho uxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nobushushu) kwaye xa usondela kumphezulu ungazinzanga kwaye uguquka.
Imizekelo yamatye e-metamorphic
- MarbleI-compact metamorphic rock eguquke ukusuka kumatye e-limestone aphantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo. Icandelo layo elisisiseko yi-calcium carbonate.
- Gneiss: yenziwe nge-quartz, feldspar kunye ne-mica. Ukubunjwa kwayo kuyafana negranite kodwa yenza ezinye iindlela zokukhanya kunye neeminerali ezimnyama.
- Quartzite: Imethamorphic rattan enzima enomxholo ophezulu we-quartz.
- Amphibolite: amatye amadala afunyenweyo.
- IiGranulites: yenziwe yinkqubo yokushisa okuphezulu. Mhlophe ngombala, kunye nokufakwa kwe-garnet. Zifumaneka kwiilwandle.
