Imizekelo yeeMpahla eziHlanganisiweyo - I-Encyclopedia

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Iindidi zezinto ezidityanisiweyo
Imizekelo yezinto ezidityanisiweyo

Inkqubo ye-izinto ezidityanisiweyo zezo zenziwe ngezinto ezimbini okanye ezingaphezulu ezahlukileyo okanye ezingaphezulu, ezidityanisiweyo zinika umba ophumela kwiimpawu ezidibeneyo zamalungu ayo, okt ezo zinto zimbini zoqobo ngaxeshanye.

Oku kuvumela ukhetho oluthile lwezinto ukuba zifumane izixhobo ezinikezwe ngeempawu ezingaqhelekanga malunga nokuqina, ukukhanya, ukuxhathisa, ukuqhuba kombane, nokumelana, njl

Uninzi lwendibaniselwano zezi yenziwe ngumntu, nangona ezinye zinokubonakala kwindalo, imveliso yendaleko ye izidalwa eziphilayo. Kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi zizinto zokubopha ezixhamlayo kunxibelelwano lweekhemikhali zezinto zazo.

Ngokubanzi, izinto ezidityanisiweyo zibonakaliswa ngu:

Inezinto ezimbini okanye nangaphezulu ezahlulayo ngokwasemzimbeni kodwa ngokwahlulahlulayo ngoomatshini.
Bonisa izigaba ezahlukeneyo zemichiza (izinto), ezingenakunyibilika phakathi kwazo kunye nokwahlulwa kwinqanaba eliphakathi okanye ujongano.
Ukufumana ukusebenzisana okuphezulu, Oko kukuthi, iipropathi zoomatshini zingaphezulu kwesibalo esilula salezo zixhobo zaso ngokwahlukeneyo.
Ukwahlula kwizinto ze-polyphase, ezinjengee-alloys zentsimbi, apho kunokwenzeka khona ukutshintsha izigaba ezikhoyo ngokwahluka kobushushu (ubushushu).
Ukufumana iarhente yokuqinisa (isigaba esongeziweyo) kunye nematriki (isigaba esiqinisiweyo).

Iindidi zezinto ezidityanisiweyo

Ezi ndidi zilandelayo zezinto ezidityanisiweyo zinokuchongwa:

Izahlulo zokomeleza iiComposites. Sisasazeke kwimatrix ethambileyo kwaye ductile, Izinto ezilukhuni neziqobekayo zisasazeke ngokufanayo nangokufanayo.
Ukusasazeka kweendidi ezilukhuni. Zibonisa ukuqinisa amasuntswana obukhulu obuncinci kakhulu, obusasazeke kwisiseko sematriki.
Izinto ezidityanisiweyo ezifayibha. Ezi zinto zihlala ziqulathe imicu enganyangekiyo kwi-matrix edla ngokwenziwa nge-resin evala imicu, ehambisa umthwalo ukusuka kwimicu eyaphukileyo iye kwi-intact kunye nokufumana ukuxhathisa okuthile.
Izinto ezidityanisiweyo zesakhiwo. Yenziwe ngezinto ezilula kunye nezihlanganisiweyo, zihlala zi-laminar (isandwich) ezinjengezo zisetyenziselwa ukwakha, ukudibanisa iipropathi zazo zombini izinto eludongeni olunye.

Ingakukhonza: Imizekelo yeNdalo kunye nezinto zokwenza izinto

Imizekelo yezinto ezidityanisiweyo

Cermet. Ukudityaniswa kwekheram kunye nesinyithi, ziyilelwe ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwaye ukumelana ne-abrasion, njengeeseramikhi, kodwa bonwabele ukungabinakho kwesinyithi. Ngokwesiqhelo imatriki yezi zinto sisinyithi (i-nickel, i-molybdenum, i-cobalt) kunye nenqanaba lokuqinisa iikhabhohayidrethi Iicrafactor (iioksidi, iialbin, iiborides) eziqhelekileyo zeekeramiki. Oku kuvumela ukwenziwa kwezixhobo zokusika ezidibanisa ubulukhuni ngentsimbi engenasiphelo kwaye zinobomi obude benkonzo., ngakumbi uphuhliso olutsha olusekwe kwi-titanium kunye ne-cobalt.
Nacre. Lo ngumzekelo wento edibeneyo yemvelaphi yendalo, ngaphandle kongenelelo lomntu. Yinto enzima, emhlophe ye-organic-inorganic into ene-iridescent ebonakalayo, eyenza ungqimba lwangaphakathi lweqokobhe leemollusk ezininzi, njengomama weperile. Ngapha koko, ezi zilwanyana zinokukhupha lo mxube wecalcium carbonate kunye ne-biopolymers ukulungisa iigobolondo zazo okanye zibandakanye ukungcola okanye ii-microbial agents ezingena kuwo, ngaloo ndlela zivelisa iiperile..
Ngamaplanga. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yimultilaminate, ngamaplanga, ngamaplanga okanye ngamaplanga, Yibhodi yamaphepha amancinci emithi ancanyathiselwe komnye nomnye ngemicu yawo kwindawo ejikelezayo, esebenzisa ii-resin zokwenziwa, uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu.. Yambathiswe ngeasidi ye-sulfuric emva kokuqhubekiswa ukuba ingenaphunga, equlethe Iipholima kunye nee-benzenes kwaye ziluncedo ngakumbi kulwakhiwo.
I-Adobe. Izitena ezingacinywanga zibizwa njalo, Oko kukuthi, ukugcwaliswa kolwakhiwo, olwenziwe ngodongwe nangentlabathi okanye ezinye iziqu zodaka, ezixutywe neendiza kwaye zomiswe elangeni. Bezisetyenziswa ukusukela kumaxesha amandulo ukwenza udonga kunye nolwakhiwo lwezixhobo, zihlala zenziwe ngezitena (eziziingxande). Ngaphandle kokuqaqamba yokwambathisa obushushuI-adobe ifunxa ukufuma okuninzi nge-capillarity, ilahle ubunzima bayo, ke kufuneka ifakwe kwisiseko samanzi esingangeni manzi okanye, ikhonkrithi.
Ikhonkrithi. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi "concrete", zizinto zokudityaniswa ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kulwakhiwo ngaxeshanye. sisihlanganisi sezinto ezahlukeneyo: isamente, isanti, igrabile okanye igrabile, kunye namanzi. Ngale ndibaniselwano, kufunyanwa umxube ofanayo obeka kwaye uqinise kwiiyure ezimbalwa de kube kufunyenwe ukungqinelana kwamatye.. Uninzi lwemisebenzi yobunjineli yaseburhulumenteni ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwesamente.
IBhodi yeStrand esekwe. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-OSB (IBhodi yeStrand esekwe NgesiNgesi), ziluhlobo lweebhodi ze-conglomerate, i-plywood ye-plywood, kuba endaweni yokujoyina amaphepha amaninzi enkuni, kwenziwa izaleko ezininzi zokucheba okanye iichips zeenkuni zonke zijolise kwicala elinye, ngaloo ndlela zifumana izinto ezifanayo ezivela kwintlaka ye-phenolic okanye kwi-polyurethane, kwi-formaldehyde okanye kwi-melamine. Rhoqo ezinye izongezo ziye zibandakanywe ukuphucula ukumelana nomlilo, ukufuma okanye ukugxotha izinambuzane.
IPykrete. Ezi zinto zidityanisiweyo zenziwe nge-14% ye-sawdust okanye enye i-pulp ye-organic wood, kwi-matrix ye-ice ye-86%. Igama lalo livela kumqambi walo, uGeoffrey Pyke, owaliphakamisa kwiRoyal British Navy ukuba yenze iinqwelo-moya ezinzima. IPykrete inobulukhuni kufutshane nekhonkrithi, isalathiso esinyibilikayo esisezantsi kunye nokumelana okukhulu koxinzelelo..
Iglasi yeplastiki eyomeleleyo. Yaziwa ngokuba yi-GFRP (Iglasi-yeFayibha eqinisekisiweyo yePlastiki ngesiNgesi), Yinto edityanisiweyo eyenza iplastiki okanye i-resin matrix, eqiniswe yimicu yeglasi. Isiphumo sinokukhanya okulula, okuqinileyo, ekulula ukubumba, okusoloko kubizwa ngokuba yi "fiberglass.". Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwenziweni kweenxalenye, kwishishini le-nautical kunye nezoqhakamshelwano, kunye nakwicandelo lokwakha.
Asphalt eziphathekayo. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuphahla lweendlela okanye uhola wendlela, ikhonkrithi yetela Inomxube we-asphalt kunye ne-mineral aggregates yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ukufumana iyunifomu kunye ne-bituminous paste ethi, xa isetyenziswa ishushu, iqine kwaye ingangeni manzi.Ukwenza imathiriyeli efanelekileyo kwimisebenzi yoluntu yasezidolophini.
Ithambo. Omnye umzekelo wezinto ezidityanisiweyo kwindalo ngamathambo, enziwe ngaphakathi kwizilwanyana eziphezulu ngo matrix yethambo eqiniswe yimicu ye-collagen, iprotein eyinika ukuxhathisa kwendalo, enkosi kwi-calcium apho ulwakhiwo lwayo lunezimbiwa.. Oku kukhokelela kwinto enzima, enobunzima, kodwa engasindi.