Umxholo
Inkqubo ye- idyslexia yingxaki yemvelaphi ye-neurobiological enxulunyaniswa nokufunda ukufunda nokubhala.
Abo banengxaki yokuphazamiseka bayavuma ukuphikisa ukuba i-dyslexia kuthintela ukufundwa ngokuchanekileyo kwamagama kuba kubonakala ukuba iileta zitshintshiwe (ifiphalisile okanye ushukume ephepheni).
Olu tshintsho alubonisi ukuba umntu one-dyslexia unengxaki yokuqonda okanye kukho uhlobo oluthile lokudodobala kwengqondo. Ngokuchasene noko, sithetha nje, abantu abane-dyslexia Batyekele ekuqondeni izilogeni ngokugqibeleleyo xa zifundwa ngomnye umntu, kodwa abanakho ukuqhubekeka olo lwazi xa kufuneka befunde isiqubulo esifanayo.
Ngubani onokuba nedyslexia?
Ngelixa okwangoku idyslexia ifunyenwe ebuntwaneni (ukusuka kwisikolo somntwana), kubalulekile ukuba uthi obu bunzima bunokudonsela kubomi babantu abadala. Ngesi sizathu kukho unyango lwabantwana kunye nabantu abadala abane-dyslexia.
Kwiimeko ezithile, i-dyslexia inxulunyaniswa nokuqonda okungalunganga kunye nememori yexesha elide, ubunzima bokuhlukanisa ekunene nakwesobunxele. Ukongeza, iingxaki zinokuvela kwindawo yokuqonda okwethutyana.
Kubalulekile ukubonisa oko abekho abantu ababini abafanayo abane-dyslexia. Ke ngoko, imeko nganye kufuneka ivavanywe ngendlela ethile.
Ke, lunye kuphela uhlobo lwe vavanyo ukuvavanya idyslexia inokuba luncedo kwabanye abantu kwaye iphelelwe lixesha kwabanye.
Imizekelo yovavanyo lwedyslexia
1. UPiaget novavanyo lobushushu (psychomotor)
Ezi mvavanyo ziqulathe usetyenziso lwe Uvavanyo lwePiaget kunye nobushushu ukwenza ifayile Ukuqatshelwa kweschema yomzimba ngumntwana.
2. Uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kamva (izakhono zengqondo)
Ngale nto, uhlobo lovavanyo olwaziwa njenge Uvavanyo lukaHarri, apho kuvavanywa ubukhulu bexesha elizayo. Olu vavanyo lubonakaliswa ngokuba nokuzilolonga okufutshane nokunomtsalane.
Ulawulo lwezandla. Umntwana uceliwe ukuba alinganise ngezandla zakhe:
- Uyiphosa njani ibhola
- Uhlamba njani amazinyo
- Uqhuba njani isikhonkwane
- Lola ipensile
- Sika iphepha ngesikere
- ukubhala
- Sika ngemela
Ulawulo lonyawo ngalunye. Ukwenza oku, uyacelwa ukuba wenze ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo. Uyacelwa ukuba:
- Bhala unobumba ngonyawo
- Ukuthembela ngonyawo olunye
- Jika ngonyawo olunye
- Hamba uyehla inyathelo ngonyawo olunye
- Phakamisa umlenze omnye esitulweni
Uvavanyo lungenziwa kwakhona ukuqaphela ukongamela kwamehlo (jonga ngeteleskopu okanye nge-kaleidoscope) okanye kuvavanyo lwe ukulawulwa kwendlebe enye (mamela ngokuzisa indlebe yakho eludongeni okanye emgangathweni).
3. Uvavanyo lwe-space-time test (Ingqondo yengqondo)
Uvavanyo lwendawo ebonakalayo yomntwana okwethutyana lunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwe-gestalt olubiziweyo Uvavanyo lweBender.
4. Izixhobo zokuziqonda kwi-Intanethi-Uvavanyo lokuHlola
Nangona olu hlobo lwesixhobo lungasiniki siphumo ngqo (kunye nembonakalo yengcali eza kuthi ichonge kamva iya kuchaneka), kunokuthiwa Olu hlobo lovavanyo lusisondeza kwindlela enokubakho yengxaki umntu asokola kuyo.
Olu hlobo lovavanyo lunokusetyenziswa kubantwana abaphakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-11 kunye ne-½ yeminyaka ubudala.
Imibuzo esoloko ibuzwa
- Ngaba umntwana uthabatha ixesha elide ukubiza amagama ngokuchanekileyo?
- Ngaba uhlala uguqula iileta kunye / okanye iinombolo?
- Ukuqonda ukudibanisa okanye ukuthabatha Ngaba ufuna inkxaso ebonakalayo? Ngaba ukhe unzima ukuyiqonda le misebenzi?
- Ngaba ufuna isikhokelo (ngomnwe, irula, njl.njl.) Ukuze ukwazi ukulandela ukufundwa ngokuchanekileyo?
- Xa ubhala, uyahlulahlula amagama ngendlela engalunganga kwaye uwahlanganise nabanye?
- Ngaba kunzima kuwe ukwahlula ekunene ukusuka ekhohlo?
- Ngaba unobunzima bokufunda okanye ukubhala kunabanye abantwana abakwiminyaka efanayo?
- Xa ubhala, ngaba uhlala ushiya unobumba wokugqibela wegama ngalinye?
- Xa ubhala, uyabhidanisa amalungu uze uwabhale umva?
- Xa ufunda, awunakuhlala uzolile kwaye kufuneka uthathe ipensile, ukukrwela, njl.
Kule meko iimpendulo zinokuba ngu "ewe" okanye "hayi". Ezona mpendulo zingqinayo umntwana anazo, inyusa ipesenti yedyslexia abanayo.
5. I-DST-J
Olu hlobo lovavanyo luyasebenza nakubantwana abaphakathi kwe-6 ne-11 kunye ne-½ yeminyaka. Indlela yokufaka isicelo iyodwa kwaye kufuneka ihlale phakathi kwemizuzu engama-25 ukuya kwengama-45.
Ngolu vavanyo, uthotho lweemvavanyo oluqukethe iinxalenye ezili-12 lwenziwa:
- Ubungqina begama
- Uvavanyo lokuququzelela
- Uvavanyo lokufunda
- Uvavanyo lokuzinza komzimba
- Uvavanyo lwesahluko sePhonemic
- Uvavanyo lweRhyming
- Uvavanyo lokuchongwa
- Ukubuyela umva kuvavanyo lweeDijithi eziBekiweyo
- Uvavanyo lokufunda olungenamsebenzi
- Khuphela ubungqina
- Uvavanyo lokufunda ngokutyibilikayo
- Uvavanyo lokufunda ngokutyibilikayo okanye ngesigama
6. Uvavanyo oluthile lokuqonda isifo
Inyathelo # 1 -Nika igama iileta
Iileta ezahlukeneyo zifakwa kwaye umntu ubuzwa ukuba "Chaza igama lonobumba ngamnye”.
Inyathelo 2-Isandi sonobumba
Inkqubo efanayo yangaphambili iyenziwa kodwa kubekwa oonobumba abohlukeneyo kwaye umntu uyacelwa ukuba enze isandi seleta.
Inyathelo 3 -Iilabhili zeleta
Kule meko, kubekwa oonobumba abohlukeneyo kodwa umntu uyacelwa ukuba akhankanye isilabhili echanekileyo. Umzekelo: "SA"
Ukuzivocavoca kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ukuba ngaba:
- Iimpawu ezinesandi esinye okanye isandi esineentsingiselo ezimbini
- Amagama anegama "U". Umzekelo "Gue".
7. I-EDIL
Luhlobo lovavanyo olusetyenziswayo vavanya isantya, ukuchaneka, nokuqonda kokufunda nokubhala.
8. TCP
Zizo iimvavanyo ezivumela ukuvavanya iinkqubo zokufunda kubantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-6 ukuya kweli-16 ubudala.
9. IProlec-R
Ngale ndlela sizama uqonde uhambo lokufunda oluthathwa ngumfundi ngamnye ukuze akwazi ukubona apho ubunzima buvela khona.
10. IProlec-SE
Olu hlobo lovavanyo lunokwenziwa ebantwaneni abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-6 ukuya kweli-10 ubudala. Vavanya i iinkqubo ze-semantic, syntactic kunye ne-lexical.
11. T.A.L.E
Yenza uvavanyo ngokubanzi lomntu onokukwazi misela ukuba kobuphi ubunzima obenzekileyo kwaye uvavanye ukuba ayisiyiyo na idyslexia.
Kubalulekile ukuba ukhankanye ukuba ezi mvavanyo zezesikhokelo kuphela, kwaye ungenelelo kunye nokuchongwa kwengcali kuhlala kucetyiswa.
